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971.
Editorial
Value inquiry: Insensitivity, egoism, and the ethical community 相似文献972.
The present archival study examined the depiction of women's beauty in our society with respect to hair color, especially blondeness. Raters reliably categorized the hair color of cover models for two women's magazines (Ladies Home Journal and Vogue) and for Playboy magazine centerfolds from the 1950s through the 1980s. These media images from 750 observations were compared among magazines, among decades, and in relation to the proportion of blondes in a normative sample of adult White women. Results revealed that the percentage of blondes in each magazine exceeded the base rate of blondes in the norm group. Blondes were more prevalent in Playboy centerfolds than in the women's magazines. Although temporal patterns varied from magazine to magazine, the average proportion of blondes was lowest in the 1960s and highest in the 1970s. The study's findings have numerous implications for social issues and research regarding the psychology of physical appearance.The authors wish to thank Jill Grant for her assistance in conducting this research. 相似文献
973.
Felicity Brock Kelcourse M.Min. M.Phil. Barry Ulanov Claude Barbre Margaret Klenk M.Div. Kathleen Ford C.S.W. Stephen L. Cook Ph.D. Mark Finn Ph.D. Robert W. Gunn D.Min. S. J. Angelo Paiano Melissa A. Gallivan Robert W. Gunn D.Min. Jill Carlen Kirby M.S.Ed. C.S.W. Jorge L. Abreu C.S.W. Jill Carlen Kirby M.S.Ed. C.S.W. Donald F. Dal Maso C.S.W. Irwin B. Blatt Ph.D. Ella Fitzgerald 《Journal of religion and health》1996,35(3):255-277
974.
In experimental design, a tacit principle is that to test whether a candidate cause c (i.e., a manipulation) prevents an effect e, e must occur at least some of the time without the introduction of c. This principle is the preventive analogue of the explicit principle of avoiding a ceiling effect in tests of whether c produces e. Psychological models of causal inference that adopt either the covariation approach or the power approach, among their other problems, fail to explain these principles. The present article reports an experiment that demonstrates the operation of these principles in untutored reasoning. The results support an explanation of these principles according to the power PC theory, a theory that integrates the previous approaches to overcome the problems that cripple each. 相似文献
975.
John D.E. Gabrieli Margaret M. Keane Melissa M. Zarella Russell A. Poldrack 《Psychological science》1997,8(4):326-329
Abstract— This study examined whether amnesic patients have preserved implicit memory for new associations between unrelated words, as measured by repetition priming, despite unpaired explicit memory for such new associations. Prior studies provide conflicting and ambiguous results. Amnesic and control participants read aloud visually presented, unrelated word pairs and then attempted to identify old, recombined, and new word pairs shown at threshold durations. Amnesic and control groups showed equivalent priming for new associations by identifying old pairs better than recombined pairs. Amnesic patients were impaired on a matched explicit test of memory far new associations. The preserved priming in amnesia indicates that implicit memory for new associations need not be, supported by the mnemonic processes and brain structures that mediate explicit memory for new associations. 相似文献
976.
Quentin Skinner Partha Dasgupta Raymond Geuss Melissa Lane Peter Laslett Onora O'Neill W. G. Runciman & Andrew Kuper 《Journal of Political Philosophy》2002,10(1):1-19
This article reports on a conversation convened by Quentin Skinner at the invitation of the Editors of The Journal of Political Philosophy and held in Cambridge on 13 February 2001. 相似文献
977.
Findings from three experiments suggest that participants’ automatic evaluations of subliminally presented objects influenced how they interpreted subsequent, unrelated objects. Participants defined homographs (Experiment 1), categorized objects and people (Experiment 2), and made person judgments (Experiment 3) that all could be disambiguated in either a positive or negative way. Participants’ responses to the ambiguous targets were evaluatively consistent with their automatic evaluations of preceding, semantically unrelated objects. The findings suggest that one’s automatic evaluations can influence deliberate judgments of subsequent stimuli, even when the only shared dimension between the initially evaluated objects and the judged objects is an evaluative one. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to possible mechanisms of evaluative priming as well as previous research concerning evaluative priming effects on social judgment. 相似文献
978.
How Important Is the Digital Divide? The Relation of Computer and Videogame Usage to Gender Differences in Mental Rotation Ability 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Researchers interested in the associations of gender with spatial experience and spatial ability have not yet focused on several
activities that have become common in the modern digital age. In this study, using a new questionnaire called the Survey of
Spatial Representation and Activities (SSRA), we examined spatial experiences with computers and videogames in a sample of
nearly 1,300 undergraduate students. Large gender differences, which favored men, were found in computer experience. Although
men and women also differed on SAT scores, gender differences in computer experience were still apparent with SAT factored
out. Furthermore, men and women with high and low levels of computer experience, who were selected for more intensive study,
were found to differ significantly on the Mental Rotations Test (MRT). Path analyses showed that computer experience substantially
mediates the gender difference in spatial ability observed on the MRT. These results collectively suggest that the “Digital
Divide” is an important phenomenon and that encouraging women and girls to gain spatial experiences, such as computer usage,
might help to bridge the gap in spatial ability between the sexes. 相似文献
979.
This study assessed parent and child predictors of attachment in a sample of 72 toddlers with neurological (e.g., cerebral palsy) and non‐neurological (e.g., cleft lip and palate) birth defects and their mothers. Parenting quality (e.g., sensitivity) was expected to be more important in predicting the attachment relationship than type and severity of child medical condition. Parenting and indices of severity of child condition were measured via researcher observation. Attachment was measured via the Strange Situation and parent reported Attachment Q‐sort. Parenting quality was better for children with more severe appearance disfigurements. Strange Situation and Q‐sort assessments of attachment were not significantly related. Children with neurological impairments were at greater risk for developing insecure attachments than were children with non‐neurological conditions. Parenting quality also directly predicted Strange Situation assessed attachment security and Q‐sort comfort seeking/exploration but not standard Q‐sort criterion scores. Parenting quality partially mediated the relation between child medical condition and attachment security. Results suggest child medical factors influence parenting, and thereby, child attachment. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. 相似文献
980.
Brigette A Erwin Richard G Heimberg Harlan Juster Melissa Mindlin 《Behaviour research and therapy》2002,40(1):19-35
Axis I comorbidity is associated with greater severity of social anxiety disorder. However, the differential effects of comorbid mood and anxiety disorders on symptom severity or treatment outcome have not been investigated. We evaluated 69 persons with uncomplicated social anxiety disorder, 39 persons with an additional anxiety disorder, and 33 persons with an additional mood disorder (with or without additional anxiety disorders). Those with comorbid mood disorders reported greater duration of social anxiety than those with uncomplicated social anxiety disorder. They were also judged, before and after 12 weeks of cognitive-behavioral group treatment and at follow-up, to be more severely impaired than those with no comorbid diagnosis. In contrast, persons with comorbid anxiety disorders were rated as more impaired than those with no comorbid diagnosis on only a single measure. Type of comorbid diagnosis did not result in differential rates of improvement of social anxiety disorder. 相似文献