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151.
Dareen Basma Melinda M. Gibbons Robert F. Kronick 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2020,48(1):2-14
The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relationship between professional counselors’ general multicultural competence and negative attitudes held toward Arab Americans. Participants (N = 124) completed a survey, and a series of correlational, stepwise, and multiple regression analyses was conducted. Results indicated that counselors displayed higher levels of multicultural awareness than of multicultural knowledge. Furthermore, general multicultural awareness and specific knowledge of Arabs related significantly to negative attitudes held toward Arabs. El propósito de este estudio cuantitativo fue investigar la relación entre la competencia multicultural general de consejeros profesionales y las actitudes negativas mantenidas hacia personas estadounidenses de origen árabe. Los participantes (N = 124) completaron una encuesta, y se llevó a cabo una serie de análisis correlacionales, por pasos y de regresión múltiple. Los resultados indicaron que los consejeros mostraron niveles de conciencia multicultural mayores que los niveles de conocimiento multicultural. Además, la conciencia multicultural general y el conocimiento específico acerca de las personas árabes estuvieron significativamente relacionados con actitudes negativas mantenidas hacia personas árabes. 相似文献
152.
Jessica Calleo Melinda A. Stanley Anthony Greisinger Oscar Wehmanen Michael Johnson Diane Novy Nancy Wilson Mark Kunik 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(2):178-185
Background Primary care physicians often treat older adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Objective To estimate physician diagnosis and recognition of anxiety and compare health service use among older adults with GAD with
two comparison samples with and without other DSM diagnoses. Methods Participants were 60+ patients of a multi-specialty medical organization. Administrative database and medical records were
reviewed for a year. Differences in frequency of health service use were analyzed with logistic regression and between-subjects
analysis of covariance. Results Physician diagnosis of GAD was 1.5% and any anxiety was 9%, and recognition of anxiety symptoms was 34% in older adults with
GAD. After controlling for medical comorbidity, radiology appointments were increased in the GAD group relative to those with
and without other psychiatric diagnoses, χ2 (2, N = 225) = 4.75, p < .05. Conclusions Most patients with anxiety do not have anxiety or symptoms documented in their medical records. 相似文献
153.
Most studies of inattentional blindness—the failure to notice an unexpected object when attention is focused elsewhere—have
focused on one critical trial. For that trial, noticing the unexpected object might be a result of random variability, so
that any given individual would be equally likely to notice the unexpected object. On the other hand, individual differences
in the ability to perform the primary task might make noticing more likely for some individuals than for others. Increasing
the difficulty of the primary task has been shown to decrease noticing rates for both brief static displays (Cartwright-Finch
& Lavie, 2007) and dynamic monitoring tasks (Simons & Chabris, 1999). However, those studies did not explore whether individual
differences in noticing arise from differences in the ability to perform the primary task. For our Experiment 1, we used a
staircase procedure to equate primary task performance across individuals in a dynamic inattentional blindness task and found
that the demands of the primary task affected noticing rates when individual differences in accuracy were minimized. In Experiment
2, we found that individual differences in primary task performance did not predict noticing of an unexpected object. Together,
these findings suggest that although the demands of the primary task do affect inattentional blindness rates, individual differences
in the ability to meet those demands do not. 相似文献
154.
Jeffrey A. Cully Melinda A. Stanley Mark E. Kunik 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(2):160-164
This study examined patient-level factors associated with engagement in mental health treatment in a sample of medically ill
patients with clinically significant symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. A total of 248 patients was enlisted from a randomized
controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). Logistic regression analysis was used to predict mental health engagement, defined as attending at least one
intervention session. Results indicated that patient-perceived mastery over COPD was negatively related to mental health engagement.
Further, mastery was the only significant predictor of mental health engagement after controlling for patient demographic
characteristics, severity of COPD, depression, and anxiety. To improve engagement for medically ill patients with comorbid
mental health difficulties, clinicians should explore patients’ attitudes about their mental health within the context of
their perceived ability to cope with their medical disease. 相似文献
155.
Dynamic social impact theory suggests that culture is created and shaped by local social influence as defined by four phenomena: (i) clustering, or regional differences in cultural elements; (ii) correlation, or emergent associations between elements; (iii) consolidation, or a reduction in variance; and (iv) continuing diversity. This article describes dynamic social impact theory and its propositions and reviews research supporting its predictions using a variety of methodologies and several types of cultural elements. This research suggests that cultures can be created and changed from the bottom-up through everyday communication with neighbors, friends, and coworkers. Attributes that are more important, observable, and demonstrable and less heritable may be more likely to spread and differentiate cultures than others. 相似文献
156.
Utility of telephone assessments in an older adult population 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Telephone assessments are commonly used in mental health research and may be especially beneficial in older populations. The current study assessed the psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (T. J. Meyer, M. L. Miller, R. L. Metzger, & T. D. Borkovec, 1990) and the Beck Depression Inventory--II (A. T. Beck, R. A. Steer, & G. K. Brown, 1996), when administered over the telephone in an older adult population. Results indicate no differences in mean symptom level or internal consistency across two modes of administration. Correlations between the in-person and telephone-administered measures and diagnostic categories suggest adequate validity of the telephone-administered measures. With this demonstrated evidence, the telephone assessment method can be applied in a variety of research and clinical settings. 相似文献
157.
158.
Suzanne Mouton-Odum Nancy J. Keuthen Paula D. Wagener Melinda A. Stanley 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2006,13(3):215-226
Despite the widespread nature and significant impact of trichotillomania (TTM), relatively few controlled studies have evaluated treatment options for people with this disorder. Pharmacological treatment and behavior therapy are the two most widely accepted approaches to treating TTM, but few mental health professionals with appropriate expertise are available to provide care. The cost of treatment also is prohibitive in some cases. A number of self-help books are available for people with TTM, but no empirical data have documented associated outcomes. This paper describes the development and two phases of program evaluation for an alternative, Internet-based self-help treatment strategy for repetitive hair pulling. StopPulling.com is an on-line, interactive self-help approach derived from evidence-based cognitive behavioral models of treatment for TTM. Following program development, an initial test phase elicited feedback from individuals with repetitive hair pulling and professionals with expertise in the treatment of TTM or Web site development. StopPulling.com was modified in accordance with feedback from this initial test phase, and a revised version was made available to the public in January 2003. Preliminary data from 265 users of the program during the first year of public availability suggested significant improvement in symptoms, with some evidence that duration of program use accounted for reductions in symptom severity. Response rates were comparable to long-term follow-up after more intense cognitive behavioral treatment. StopPulling.com may provide a potentially useful self-help alternative or adjunctive strategy for repetitive hair pulling. 相似文献
159.
160.
Carl F. Weems Leslie K. Taylor Melinda F. Cannon Reshelle C. Marino Dawn M. Romano Brandon G. Scott Andre M. Perry Vera Triplett 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(1):49-56
This study examined the stability of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a predominantly ethnic minority sample
of youth exposed to Hurricane Katrina. Youth (n = 191 grades 4th thru 8th) were screened for exposure to traumatic experiences and PTSD symptoms at 24 months (Time 1) and
then again at 30 months (Time 2) post-disaster. PTSD symptoms did not significantly decline over time and were higher than
rates reported at earlier time points for more ethnically diverse samples. Younger age, female sex, and continued disrepair
to the child’s home predicted stable elevated PTSD symptoms. Findings are consistent with predictions from contextual theories
of disaster exposure and with epidemiological data from adult samples suggesting that the incidence of PTSD post Katrina is
showing an atypical pattern of remittance. Theoretical, applied, and policy implications are discussed. 相似文献