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601.
Predictors of attrition from individual parent–child interaction therapy were examined for 99 families of preschoolers with
disruptive behavior disorders. Seventy-one percent of treatment dropouts were identified by lower SES, more maternal negative
talk, and less maternal total praise at pretreatment. Following PCIT, families were randomly assigned to an Assessment-Only
or Maintenance Treatment condition. Higher maternal distress predicted 63% of dropouts in the Assessment-Only condition. Lower
maternal intellectual functioning predicted 83% of dropouts from Maintenance Treatment. Findings highlight a continuing need
for evidence-based retention strategies at various phases of engagement in PCIT.
This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (RO1 MH60632). We thank the members of the UF Child Study
Laboratory for their contributions to this study. 相似文献
602.
While literature characterizing individual genetic counselors’ abortion attitudes is sparse, the National Society of Genetic
Counselors takes a clear stance for reproductive autonomy. To determine genetic counselors’ views, this study compared (1)
genetic counselors’ abortion attitudes to those of women from the general population and (2) genetic counselors’ professional
abortion attitudes to their personal abortion attitudes. Genetic counselors were invited to complete an online survey. Response
rate was 44.3% (709/1,601). Compared to women from the general population, female genetic counselors were significantly more
likely to agree abortion should be an option in all cases (p < .001). Controlling for other possible confounders, regression analyses revealed that being a genetic counselor, religious
service attendance and age were significantly predictive of abortion attitudes. Although the vast majority of genetic counselors
agree that abortion should be available, they are significantly less likely to personally consider abortion under all circumstances
presented (p < .001), and the percentage of genetic counselors who would consider terminating in the case of a severe birth defect is
similar to studies of other women. 相似文献
603.
Clinical theories of post-traumatic stress suggest that encoding processes at the time of a trauma are critical in determining whether intrusive memories will develop. Potential mechanisms that might influence the development of intrusive memories were studied, as was objective memory performance. In an analogue design, 65 participants were randomised to three conditions (cognitive load, hyperventilation, and control), and then watched a film of traumatic content. Intrusive memories were recorded during the experimental phase and at 1-week follow-up. Support was found for the prediction that verbal cognitive load and hyperventilation would facilitate intrusion development immediately following exposure to the trauma film; however, this was not maintained at follow-up. Consistent with cognitive models of post-traumatic stress, thought suppression and the distress associated with intrusive experiences mediated the relationship between distress caused by the film and intrusions at 1-week follow-up. Objective memory testing indicated that the three experimental groups showed similar recall and recognition performance for the content of the film; however, relative to the control group, individuals in the cognitive load condition were significantly less able to place film scenes in the correct order. 相似文献
604.
Differences were found in college women's attire at football games by organizational identification, perceived organizational prestige, game day attendance, and fashion opinion leadership. Factors of clothing choice were Fashion Consciousness, Desire for Comfort, Desire for Uniqueness, and Expression of School Spirit. 相似文献
605.
Steffens MC 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2007,14(6):1194-1198
Verb-object phrases are usually remembered better if they have been enacted during study than if theyhave been learned verbally or if one has observed another person enact the phrases. Researchers have explained this well-established enactment effect by assuming that enactment leaves an additional motor code enhancing memory. We assume instead that enactment provokes excellentitem-specific processing at t he expense of processing relations between items. Thus, if recall were to depend on this relational processing that is hindered by enactment, enactment should not be a more effective encoding strategy than observation. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the recall of sequences of related actions. In two experiments, we found no recall advantage of enactment over observing another person perform, though both encoding tasks were superior to verbal learning. Organization was best after observation. These findings imply that learning by viewing is not inferior to learning by doing. 相似文献
606.
Deviation of real speech from grammatical ideals due to disfluency and other speech errors presents potentially serious problems for the language learner. While infants may initially benefit from attending primarily or solely to infant-directed speech, which contains few grammatical errors, older infants may listen more to adult-directed speech. In a first experiment, Post-verbal infants preferred fluent speech to disfluent speech, while Pre-verbal infants showed no preference. In a second experiment, Post-verbal infants discriminated disfluent and fluent speech even when lexical information was removed, showing that they make use of prosodic properties of the speech stream to detect disfluency. Because disfluencies are highly correlated with grammatical errors, this sensitivity provides infants with a means of filtering ungrammaticality from their input. 相似文献
607.
It has been suggested that a strong working alliance encourages clients to take risks during therapy (Raue, Castonguay, & Goldfried, 1993). This encouragement may be important for clients who fear negative evaluations as they engage in risk-taking elements of therapy. This study examined the relationship between working alliance, session helpfulness and measures of emotional processing in 18 clients undergoing cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder. Results indicate a positive correlation between client-rated, but not observer-rated, working alliance and session helpfulness. Moderate levels of working alliance were associated with higher initial anxiety and deeper within-session habituation. Overall, a strong alliance was associated with clients engaging with the session and finding the session helpful. Implications for the use of CBT for social anxiety are discussed. 相似文献
608.
609.
Lisa M. Steiner Sarah Zaske Sabrina Durand Melanie Molloy Rosana Arteta 《Journal of religion and health》2017,56(6):1937-1955
This research study was designed to examine the effect of spiritual well-being and spirituality on state and trait anxiety. Two hundred and thirty-eight adults in the USA were surveyed using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Duke University Religion Index, Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and Participant Questionnaire. Results indicate that spiritual well-being can predict 39.1 % of an adult’s state anxiety and 37.9 % of trait anxiety. Furthermore, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of private religious activity, and intrinsic religiosity can predict 6.2 % of an adult’s state anxiety and 8.6 % of trait anxiety. Recommendations for researchers and implications for clinicians are discussed. 相似文献
610.
This article introduces the symposium “Toward a Philosophy of Blockchain,” which provides a philosophical contemplation of blockchain technology, the digital ledger software underlying cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, for the secure transfer of money, assets, and information via the Internet without needing a third‐party intermediary. The symposium offers philosophical scholarship on a new topic, blockchain technology, from a variety of perspectives. The philosophical themes discussed include mathematical models of reality, signification, and the sociopolitical institutions that structure human life and interaction. The symposium also investigates the metaphilosophical theme of how to create a philosophy of anything, specifically a new topic such as blockchain technology. Repeated themes are identified, in all areas of philosophical inquiry (ontology, epistemology, and axiology), and conceptual resources are elaborated to contribute to a philosophical understanding of blockchain technology. Thus, philosophy as a metaphilosophical approach is shown to be able to provide an understanding of the conceptual, theoretical, and foundational dimensions of novelty and emergence in the world, with a particular focus on blockchain technology. 相似文献