排序方式: 共有139条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Daniel Memmert Daniel J. Simons Thorsten Grimme 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2009,10(1):146-151
ObjectivesGiven the prevalence of misperception and failed perception, particularly in attention-demanding team sports, surprisingly few studies have explored whether experts in team sports differ from other athletes and from non-athletes in their basic attention abilities.MethodIn this study, we examined group differences between experts in team handball (n = 40), athletes from non-team sports (n = 40), and novice athletes (n = 40) using a battery of three attention tasks: a functional field of view task, a multiple-object tracking task, and an inattentional blindness task.ResultsPerformance on the three attention tasks was largely independent, with no significant correlations among the tasks. Team sports experts showed no better performance on the basic attention tasks than did athletes from non-teams sports or novice athletes.ConclusionsThe finding that all basic attention tasks are largely independent provides preliminary support for the idea that attentional breadth, tracking performance, and inattentional blindness are distinct attentional processes. Our results demonstrate that sports expertise effects are unrelated to basic differences in attention—expertise does not appear to produce differences in basic attention and basic differences in attention do not appear to predict eventual expertise. Further experiments could focus on the ways in which more specific attentional strategies and processes contribute to sports performance. 相似文献
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Current research indicates that an alarming number of students are affected by cyberbullying. However, most of the empirical research has focused on psychological explanations of the phenomenon. In an explorative survey study based on the reconstruction of 2 complete school networks (NP = 408), we expand the explanation strategies of cyberbullying to higher levels of social abstraction. Using statistical and structural analysis, and visual inspection of network environments, we compare explanations on individual and structural levels. In line with previous research, the findings support traditional explanations via sociodemographic and personality factors. However, the findings also reveal network positioning to be a comparably strong predictor for cyberbullying. Therefore, we argue that without taking structural factors into account, individual explanations will remain insufficient. 相似文献
74.
Elvira M. Zilliacus Bettina Meiser Elizabeth A. Lobb Judy Kirk Linda Warwick Katherine Tucker 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(5):463-472
Telegenetics offers an alternative model of delivering genetic counseling to rural and outreach areas; however there is a
dearth of qualitative research into the patient’s experience. Twelve women who had received telemedicine genetic counseling
for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC) within the previous 12 months participated in a semi-structured telephone
interview. The interview explored women’s experience with telegenetics, satisfaction, perceived advantages and disadvantages
and quality of the interaction with their genetic professionals. Overall women were highly satisfied with telegenetics. Telegenetics
offered them convenience and reduced travel and associated costs. The majority of women described feeling a high degree of
social presence, or rapport, with the off-site genetic clinician. One woman with a recent cancer diagnosis, reported that
telemedicine was unable to meet her needs for psychosocial support. This finding highlights the need to be mindful of the
psychosocial support needs of women with a recent diagnosis being seen via telegenetics. Patients attending for HBOC genetic
counseling are generally highly satisfied with the technology and the interaction. Care should be taken, however, with patients
with more complex psychosocial needs. 相似文献
75.
The recognition heuristic (RH) is a simple strategy for probabilistic inference according to which recognized objects are judged to score higher on a criterion than unrecognized objects. In this article, a hierarchical Bayesian extension of the multinomial r-model is applied to measure use of the RH on the individual participant level and to re-evaluate differences between younger and older adults' strategy reliance across environments. Further, it is explored how individual r-model parameters relate to alternative measures of the use of recognition and other knowledge, such as adherence rates and indices from signal-detection theory (SDT). Both younger and older adults used the RH substantially more often in an environment with high than low recognition validity, reflecting adaptivity in strategy use across environments. In extension of previous analyses (based on adherence rates), hierarchical modeling revealed that in an environment with low recognition validity, (a) older adults had a stronger tendency than younger adults to rely on the RH and (b) variability in RH use between individuals was larger than in an environment with high recognition validity; variability did not differ between age groups. Further, the r-model parameters correlated moderately with an SDT measure expressing how well people can discriminate cases where the RH leads to a correct vs. incorrect inference; this suggests that the r-model and the SDT measures may offer complementary insights into the use of recognition in decision making. In conclusion, younger and older adults are largely adaptive in their application of the RH, but cognitive aging may be associated with an increased tendency to rely on this strategy. 相似文献
76.
Klaus Fiedler Malte Schott Thorsten Meiser 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2011,47(6):1231-1236
The present article is concerned with a common misunderstanding in the interpretation of statistical mediation analyses. These procedures can be sensibly used to examine the degree to which a third variable (Z) accounts for the influence of an independent (X) on a dependent variable (Y) conditional on the assumption that Z actually is a mediator. However, conversely, a significant mediation analysis result does not prove that Z is a mediator. This obvious but often neglected insight is substantiated in a simulation study. Using different causal models for generating Z (genuine mediator, spurious mediator, correlate of the dependent measure, manipulation check) it is shown that significant mediation tests do not allow researchers to identify unique mediators, or to distinguish between alternative causal models. This basic insight, although well understood by experts in statistics, is persistently ignored in the empirical literature and in the reviewing process of even the most selective journals. 相似文献
77.
Emese Domahidi Johannes Breuer Rachel Kowert Ruth Festl Thorsten Quandt 《Media Psychology》2018,21(2):288-307
Research examining online games often focuses on their potential to negatively impact players. One of the most common concerns is that playing online with others can displace offline relationships and, consequently, detrimentally affect one’s level of “offline” social support. However, there has been little empirical evidence supporting these causal claims. The current study addresses this by outlining a longitudinal analysis between gaming- and non-gaming-related friendships and social support among a representative sample of social online players (i.e., people who play online video games with others). The results indicate that social online video game play with online or offline friends is not related to perceived social support, positively or negatively, cross-sectionally or longitudinally. Taken together, these results dispute the long-held claims of the social displacement hypothesis and instead suggest that social online video game play does not have negative real-world consequences on players’ offline friendships or levels of offline social support. 相似文献
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Elizabeth Lobb Phyllis Butow Bettina Meiser Katherine Tucker Alexandra Barratt 《Journal of genetic counseling》2001,10(2):185-199
This qualitative study asked Australian Genetic Counselors and Clinical Geneticists working in cancer genetics to describe their practice when a woman attends a consultation about her family history and her risk of developing breast cancer. Twenty-nine out of 36 Clinical Geneticists/Genetic Counselors returned the questionnaire (82%). Participants identified the key goals of the consultation as (a) identifying the individual needs and concerns of the woman, (b) providing information on genes and chromosomes, (c) giving an individual risk assessment in the context of supportive interaction, and (d) discussing the pros and cons of genetic testing and putting a surveillance plan into place. Respondents emphasized the dual importance of counseling/support and information provision in this setting, suggesting that one could not be given without the other. Implications for clinical practice are discussed. 相似文献
79.
Whitfield Tim Barnhofer Thorsten Acabchuk Rebecca Cohen Avi Lee Michael Schlosser Marco Arenaza-Urquijo Eider M. Böttcher Adriana Britton Willoughby Coll-Padros Nina Collette Fabienne Chételat Gaël Dautricourt Sophie Demnitz-King Harriet Dumais Travis Klimecki Olga Meiberth Dix Moulinet Inès Müller Theresa Parsons Elizabeth Sager Lauren Sannemann Lena Scharf Jodi Schild Ann-Katrin Touron Edelweiss Wirth Miranka Walker Zuzana Moitra Ethan Lutz Antoine Lazar Sara W. Vago David Marchant Natalie L. 《Neuropsychology review》2022,32(3):677-702
Neuropsychology Review - Mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) are increasingly utilized to improve mental health. Interest in the putative effects of MBPs on cognitive function is also growing. This... 相似文献
80.
Elvira Zilliacus Bettina Meiser Elizabeth Lobb Kristine Barlow-Stewart Katherine Tucker 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(6):598-605
Telehealth is increasingly used for outreach service in cancer genetic counseling; however what occurs during the consultation
and the roles practitioners adopt is largely unknown. Fifteen practitioners participated in semi-structured interviews that
explored their roles within telehealth, compared to face-to-face consultations, and the relationship between practitioners
during telehealth. As they were not physically present with the patient, most participants felt that telehealth altered the
genetic clinician’s role to one of a ‘visiting specialist’. Genetic counselors described undertaking multiple roles during
the telehealth process. Two models of interaction were observed. The medical model reduced the interaction to a dyadic consultation
by having the genetic counselor off-screen and included minimal clinician meetings and supervision. The triadic co-facilitation
model incorporated a high level of information exchange, counselor autonomy and included the counselor onscreen. The co-facilitation
model offers a useful framework for telehealth genetic counselling, offering complementary roles between practitioners and
efficient service delivery. 相似文献