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31.
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Factor scores are naturally predicted by means of their conditional expectation given the indicatorsy. Under normality this expectation is linear iny but in general it is an unknown function ofy. It is discussed that under nonnormality factor scores can be more precisely predicted by a quadratic function ofy.The authors would like to thank Edith Nijenhuis, the anonymous referees, and the associate editor for their helpful comments and suggestions. 相似文献
33.
Larissa L. Meijer Carla Ruis Maarten J. van der Smagt Erik J. A. Scherder H. Chris Dijkerman 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2022,16(1):38-53
Pain is one of the most common health problems and has a severe impact on quality of life. Yet, a suitable and efficient treatment is still not available for all patient populations suffering from pain. Interestingly, recent research shows that low threshold mechanosensory C-tactile (CT) fibres have a modulatory influence on pain. CT-fibres are activated by slow gentle stroking of the hairy skin, providing a pleasant sensation. Consequently, slow gentle stroking is known as affective touch. Currently, a clear overview of the way affective touch modulates pain, at a neural level, is missing. This review aims to present such an overview. To explain the interaction between affective touch and pain, first the neural basis of the affective touch system and the neural processing of pain will be described. To clarify these systems, a schematic illustration will be provided in every section. Hereafter, a novel model of interactions between affective touch and pain systems will be introduced. Finally, since affective touch might be suitable as a new treatment for chronic pain, possible clinical implications will be discussed. 相似文献
34.
Robert J. Doll Jan R. Buitenweg Hil G. E. Meijer Peter H. Veltink 《Behavior research methods》2014,46(1):55-66
Psychophysical thresholds reflect the state of the underlying nociceptive mechanisms. For example, noxious events can activate endogenous analgesic mechanisms that increase the nociceptive threshold. Therefore, tracking thresholds over time facilitates the investigation of the dynamics of these underlying mechanisms. Threshold tracking techniques should use efficient methods for stimulus selection and threshold estimation. This study compares, in simulation and in human psychophysical experiments, the performance of different combinations of adaptive stimulus selection procedures and threshold estimation methods. Monte Carlo simulations were first performed to compare the bias and precision of threshold estimates produced by three different stimulus selection procedures (simple staircase, random staircase, and minimum entropy procedure) and two estimation methods (logistic regression and Bayesian estimation). Logistic regression and Bayesian estimations resulted in similar precision only when the prior probability distributions (PDs) were chosen appropriately. The minimum entropy and simple staircase procedures achieved the highest precision, while the random staircase procedure was the least sensitive to different procedure-specific settings. Next, the simple staircase and random staircase procedures, in combination with logistic regression, were compared in a human subject study (n = 30). Electrocutaneous stimulation was used to track the nociceptive perception threshold before, during, and after a cold pressor task, which served as the conditioning stimulus. With both procedures, habituation was detected, as well as changes induced by the conditioning stimulus. However, the random staircase procedure achieved a higher precision. We recommend using the random staircase over the simple staircase procedure, in combination with logistic regression, for nonstationary threshold tracking experiments. 相似文献
35.
In this report, the phenomenology of two blind users of a sensory substitution device – “The vOICe” – that converts visual images to auditory signals is described. The users both report detailed visual phenomenology that developed within months of immersive use and has continued to evolve over a period of years. This visual phenomenology, although triggered through use of The vOICe, is likely to depend not only on online visualization of the auditory signal but also on the users’ previous (albeit distant) experience of veridical vision (e.g. knowledge of shapes and visual perspective). Once established, the sensory substitution mapping between the auditory and visual domains is not confined to when the device is worn and, thus, may constitute an example of acquired synaesthesia. 相似文献
36.
37.
Studies in Philosophy and Education - 相似文献
38.
We investigated how naively produced prosody affects listeners' end interpretations of ambiguous utterances. Non-professional
speakers who were unaware of any ambiguity produced ambiguous sentences couched in short, unambiguous passages. In a forced-choice
task, listeners could not tell which context the isolated ambiguous sentences came from (Exp. 1). However, listeners were
able to correctly paraphrase the least ambiguous subset of these utterances, showing that prosody can be used to resolve ambiguity
(Exp. 2). Nonetheless, in everyday language use, both prosody and context are available to interpret speech. When the least
ambiguous sentences were cross-spliced into contexts biasing towards their original interpretations or into contexts biasing
towards their alternative interpretations, answers to content questions about the ambiguous sentence, confidence ratings,
and ratings of naturalness all indicated that prosody is ignored when context is available (Exp. 3). Although listeners can
use prosody to interpret ambiguous sentences, they generally do not, and this makes sense in light of the frequent lack of
reliable prosodic cues in everyday speech.
Received: 3 April 1998 / Accepted: 21 October 1998 相似文献
39.
In this study, we investigated whether people who hold more correct beliefs about verbal cues to deception are also better lie detectors. We investigated police officers and undergraduates' beliefs about (i) cues to deception via an open‐ended question and (ii) 17 specific verbal cues, after which participants were asked to judge the truthfulness of eight video fragments. Results showed that undergraduates and police officers still hold wrongful beliefs about nonverbal cues, but have better insight into verbal cues. Moreover, a better insight in verbal cues was related to an increased accuracy for identifying truthful statements, showing that verbal cues do drive credibility judgments to some extent.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
40.
Lonneke A. L. De Meijer Marise Ph. Born Jaap Van Zielst Henk T. Van Der Molen 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2007,15(2):139-152
A judgment‐analysis study was used to investigate assessors' judgment processes, evaluating ethnic minority vs ethnic majority applicants. Sixteen ethnic majority assessors judged 5089 applicants during the Dutch police officer selection procedure, with each assessor judging 30 ethnic minority applicants minimally. Information from an employment interview, an assessment center, and a Big Five personality test were combined into a final selection advice. Results showed that as much as or more information sources were used to judge ethnic minority than ethnic majority applicants. Furthermore, a larger number of irrelevant cues were used for the judgment of ethnic minority applicants. Finally, when judging ethnic minority applicants, assessors based their decision to a lesser extent on their own ratings than on ratings of others. 相似文献