语词之争背后的哲学进步

本文在查尔默斯“语词之争”的背景下讨论哲学进步问题,考察几种不同的哲学进步观点,我想指出查尔默斯对基底概念的承诺假设了概念的多元主义,概念多元主义才是查尔默斯语词之争的核心,但概念多元主义没有对各种概念的解释效力加以说明,因此若要讨论哲学进步,我们需要对概念的解释效力给出一个原则性的说明。     

《论语》文体形式的文化阐释

《论语》是以“语”体和“子曰”等形式记录孔子的言论,建构孔子的话语权威和思想价值体系的。“子曰”形式最宜于孔子独自式地直接阐发自己的思想,“问——子曰”形式由于受到孔子“礼”和“仁”的规范,导致与孔子对话的真正主体缺席,而成为孔子建构自己话语权威的有效言说方式。孔子重视“言”的作用,但反对“巧言”。孔子不期望论辩,面对论辩他往往先预设道德判断,然后否定欲辩者,从而最终否定论辩本身。对孔子来说,“巧言”和“沦辩”会使自己的话语权威和思想价值体系面临被解构的威胁。     

全纳教育教师职业使命感对工作幸福感的影响：自我效能感的中介效应

为探讨全纳教育教师职业使命感对工作幸福感的影响机制,采用整群抽样方法选取京津冀地区的全纳教育教师共378名为被试,使用职业使命感量表、自我效能感量表和工作幸福感量表进行问卷调查。研究发现：（1）职业使命感、自我效能感和工作幸福感之间均呈显著正相关;（2）职业使命感对工作幸福感有显著的正向影响;（3）全纳教育教师的自我效能感在职业使命感对工作幸福感的影响中起部分中介作用。研究表明,积极塑造全纳教育教师的职业使命感,提升自我效能感,可以有效提升全纳教育教师的工作幸福体验。     

影响感觉寻求人格特质的生物遗传因素

综述了感觉寻求人格特质的生物遗传机制的相关研究。主要从3个方面对该问题进行了探讨：（1）单胺类物质与感觉寻求人格特质的关系;（2）激素对感觉寻求人格特质的影响;（3）感觉寻求人格特质的生物遗传性     

互联网使用动机、行为与其社会-心理健康的模型构建

以581名大学生为被试,采用结构方程模型技术构建了互联网使用动机、病理性互联网使用行为与其相关社会-心理健康的关系模型。其中,互联网使用动机包括信息获取性动机和人际情感性动机两种模式;病理性互联网使用行为包括上网冲动性、分离/逃避和网上优越感三个初级因素;互联网相关社会-心理健康包括孤独感、社会参与度、一般抑郁、生活幸福感和生活满意度五个初级因素,并进一步概括为社会健康和心理健康两个维度。研究结果表明,基于信息获取性动机而使用互联网有助于相关社会-心理健康水平的提高;基于人际情感性动机而使用互联网更容易导致病理性互联网使用行为,并由此对使用者的社会-心理健康产生负面影响;大学生使用互联网的积极效应大于消极效应,且信息获取性动机对社会健康具有更大的积极效应,而人际情感性动机对对心理健康具有更大的消极效应     

儒家伦理对完善医疗储蓄账户的启示

家庭医疗账户是家庭文化的产物.医疗保健、预防疾病是家庭的责任.通过医疗储蓄账户积累医疗保障基金,解决家庭成员的生老病死问题,这非常切合以家庭和血缘为根本特征的儒家伦理的精髓.同新加坡现行的医保制度相比,我国在医疗储蓄账户的运行中仍存在着一些问题,需要立足于中国国情做进一步的反思与探索.     

药物临床试验伦理审查的跟踪审查程序研究

为了保护受试者的合法权益,药物临床试验的伦理审查必须规范化进行.通过走访哈尔滨医科大学附属医院伦理委员会了解到,伦理审查程序缺乏相对完整性,特别是跟踪审查程序还在完善过程中,没有形成统一具体的操作规程.对此,结合我国实际情况,借鉴国外先进经验,提出构建药物临床试验跟踪审查程序的建议.     

问题类型和情绪状态对贝叶斯推理的影响

本研究以240名大学生为被试,探讨了问题类型和情绪状态对贝叶斯推理的影响。结果表明：(1)问题类型对贝叶斯推理有影响;(2)情绪状态对贝叶斯推理有影响;(3)问题类型与情绪状态对贝叶斯推理的影响存在交互作用。具体地,在经典乳癌问题中,被试在消极情绪状态下比在积极情绪状态下做出更高的概率估计,而在中彩问题中,被试在积极情绪状态下比在消极情绪状态下概率估计更高。     

Sub‐Dimensions of the Four Factor Model of Cultural Intelligence: Expanding the Conceptualization and Measurement of Cultural Intelligence

Cultural intelligence (CQ) – the capability to function effectively in intercultural settings – has gained increasing attention from researchers and practitioners due to its contemporary relevance to globalization, international management, and workforce diversification. Research‐to‐date demonstrates that CQ predicts a variety of important outcomes in intercultural contexts, such as cultural adaptation, expatriate performance, global leadership, intercultural negotiation, and multicultural team processes. Moving beyond past research that tends to focus on the four primary factors of CQ – metacognitive CQ, cognitive CQ, motivational CQ, and behavioral CQ, we introduce an expanded conceptualization of CQ that delineates sub‐dimensions for each of the four factors. We briefly review psychometric evidence supporting the proposed second order 11‐factor structure and convergent/discriminant validity of the sub‐dimensions. We propose that the next wave of CQ research should be guided by a deeper understanding of each of four factors of CQ.     

Academic Dishonesty,Self-Control,and General Criminality: A Prospective and Retrospective Study of Academic Dishonesty in a New Zealand University

Academic dishonesty is an insidious problem that besets most tertiary institutions, where considerable resources are expended to prevent and manage students' dishonest actions within academia. Using a mixed retrospective and prospective design this research investigated Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory as a possible explanation for academic dishonesty in 264 university students. The relationship between academic dishonesty and general criminality was also examined. A significant but small to moderate relationship between academic dishonesty and general criminality was present, including correlations with general dishonesty, violent crime and drug offending subcategories. These findings suggested that a general criminological theory may be of use in explaining academic dishonesty, but the overall ability of self-control variables to explain academic dishonesty was not strong. Controlled logistic regressions indicated that a significant positive association with academic dishonesty was only present for one of 6 self-control subscales (self-centeredness), and even this association was only present in the prospective study component. A strong relationship between past and future academic dishonesty was present. Implications of the study for institutions are discussed.