Emotional reactions to scandals: When does moral character make a difference?

A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality.     

The prediction of intelligence in preschool children using alternative models to regression

Statistical prediction of an outcome variable using multiple independent variables is a common practice in the social and behavioral sciences. For example, neuropsychologists are sometimes called upon to provide predictions of preinjury cognitive functioning for individuals who have suffered a traumatic brain injury. Typically, these predictions are made using standard multiple linear regression models with several demographic variables (e.g., gender, ethnicity, education level) as predictors. Prior research has shown conflicting evidence regarding the ability of such models to provide accurate predictions of outcome variables such as full-scale intelligence (FSIQ) test scores. The present study had two goals: (1) to demonstrate the utility of a set of alternative prediction methods that have been applied extensively in the natural sciences and business but have not been frequently explored in the social sciences and (2) to develop models that can be used to predict premorbid cognitive functioning in preschool children. Predictions of Stanford–Binet 5 FSIQ scores for preschool-aged children is used to compare the performance of a multiple regression model with several of these alternative methods. Results demonstrate that classification and regression treesprovided more accurate predictions of FSIQ scores than does the more traditional regression approach. Implications of these results are discussed.     

成人面部表情及其判断的初步探讨

本实验就Izard提出的十种基本情绪采集了成人的面部表情照片,并进行了辨认评定以及同婴儿相应面部表情的比较工作。本实验结果支持了Izard的观点,认为面部表情的发生和辨认有着客观的生物基础,同时证明成人与婴儿的面部表情之间有很大连续性,从而验证了情绪表情具有先天程序化的内在本质的假设。     

特征相似性、类别标签与因果关系在归纳推理中的作用

采用人工材料,比较类别标签、特征相似性与因果关系对归纳推理强度的影响。包括两个实验,实验1比较类别标签与特征相似性对归纳推理的影响,结果表明,当类别标签对归纳推理的影响显著强于特征相似性时,不能将类别标签等同于一个相似性特征。实验2进一步探讨类别标签与因果关系对归纳推理的作用,结果表明,因果关系作用明显强于类别标签的作用。综合两个实验的结果并整合前人相关研究,提出了不同关系影响归纳推理的强度假想。     

Partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction: Self-esteem and marital status as moderators

Current Psychology - The current study investigated the moderating effects of self-esteem and marital status on the association between partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction. Four hundred...     

情绪智力对大学生创业意向的影响:成就动机和创业自我效能感的链式中介作用

为探讨情绪智力、成就动机、创业自我效能感和大学生创业意向之间的关系。使用情绪智力量表、成就动机量表、创业自我效能感量表和创业意向量表对986名大学生进行调查。结果表明:(1)成就动机中介了情绪智力与大学生创业意向之间的关系。(2)创业自我效能感中介了成就动机与大学生创业意向间的关系。(3)创业自我效能感中介了情绪智力与大学生创业意向之间的关系。(4)成就动机和创业自我效能感在情绪智力与大学生创业意向之间起链式中介作用。     

常人疾病观及其对医患关系的影响

常人疾病观是普通人对于某一疾病的认知、解释和态度的集合。与专业医务人员相比, 普通人更关注心理、家庭和社会因素而非生物学因素的致病作用, 就医选择多元而并不遵循标准化的就医模式, 同时更愿意将疾病体验视为个人生活的特殊问题加以建构性理解。常人疾病观与科学医学观之间的不一致性可能降低患者的就医满意、对医信任和医嘱依从性, 从而影响治疗效果。立足中国社会的医学文化与医疗制度, 研究中国人的常人疾病观, 并探讨其对医患关系的影响作用与社会心理机制, 可为改善当下中国医患关系紧张现状提供有益建议。     

大学生羞怯问题研究

以中国在校大学生为被试.对Henderson的大学生羞怯量表进行修订,并在此基础上进一步探讨在校大学生自尊水平、孤独程度和人际情境觉察能力与大学生羞怯的关系.研究发现,修订后的大学生羞怯量表在中国文化背景下具有较好的信度和效度;大学生羞怯的结构包括:寻求赞成、自责、对拒绝的恐惧和表达的自我限制4个维度;大学生羞怯与自尊及五种人际情境觉察能力呈显著负相关,与孤独呈显著正相关;羞怯、孤独与自尊对人际情境觉察能力有显著的预测作用.     

论医疗权及其实践

患者的医疗权可以表现为宪法上的应然权利和实践中的实然权利。在具体医疗实践中 ,患者获得公正、必须和费用节省的医疗服务的权利 ,是以患者支付医疗费用为前提的。在特定情况下 ,虽然患者无支付能力 ,也可以享有医疗权。患者有拒绝医疗的权利     

道教内丹诗词的美学分析

道教内丹诗词是表现道教内丹理论和实践的重要工具。道教内丹诗词反映了道教的宗教理论,表现了道教内丹的宗教过程和修道者的宗教感受,体现出独特的文化符号和审美意象,形成了独特的美学意蕴。