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51.
Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences - Brain imaging technologies are increasingly used to find networks and brain regions that are specific to the functional realization of particular aspects... 相似文献
52.
While anti-Semitism had been manifested in Europe since the Middle Ages, the emergence of the Nazi regime raised that phenomenon to a new level. Some publications supported by Nazi Germany tried to effect public opinion in Turkey regarding “scientific” anti-Semitism. The authors of this study support the view that this ideology has not been able to achieve broad support from the Turkish nation or its government. Nevertheless, anti-Semitism did reach Turkey through foreign publications. The specific anti-Semitic events that occurred in the Thrace Region of Turkey in 1934 and the anti-Semitic Milli ?nk?lap (National Revolution), which had a pivotal role in those events, were inspired by Nazi Germany. Nevertheless, Germany does not seem to have played an active role during the events. This article will examine the issues of the openly anti-Semitic Milli ?nk?lap, published from 1 May 1934 to 1 July 1934 and try to compare the influence of Julius Streicher's infamous Der Stürmer on the ideology and content of Milli ?nk?lap. 相似文献
53.
Mehmet Burcu Julie M. Zito Daniel J. Safer Aloysius Ibe 《Journal of child and family studies》2014,23(4):632-640
The main objective of this study is to explore the relationship of psychotropic medication use patterns and clinician-reported maltreatment status in Medicaid-insured youth. This cross-sectional study analyzed computerized outpatient claims for youth aged 2–17 years who were continuously enrolled for ≥10 months in a mid-Atlantic state Medicaid program in 2006. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic modeling were employed to assess patterns of any psychotropic drug use, and specifically for antipsychotics, antidepressants, and stimulants by clinician-reported maltreatment status and according to other study covariates. Child maltreatment status was assessed using ICD-9 codes for maltreatment. Other covariates included age group, gender, race/ethnicity, region, Medicaid-eligibility categories, and clinician-reported psychiatric diagnostic groups. Among 274,490 youth, 901 had a clinician-reported child maltreatment indicator for a prevalence of 3.3 per 1,000. These youth were more likely to be older, female, African American, and Medicaid eligible by foster care or disability. Youth with clinician-reported maltreatment compared to youth without identified maltreatment had a significantly higher prevalence of antipsychotic use (14.1 vs. 3.4 %), antidepressant use (12.1 vs. 3.4 %) and stimulant use (15.8 vs. 7.8 %). After adjusting for the study covariates, the odds of antipsychotic use (2.6 [2.0, 3.2]), antidepressant use (2.0 [1.6, 2.6]), and any psychotropic use (1.5 [1.3, 1.9]) were comparatively higher among youth with clinician-reported maltreatment. By contrast, the adjusted-odds of stimulant use was comparable between the groups. The findings from this exploratory study from one state’s Medicaid outpatient data suggest that youth with maltreatment indicators have an increased likelihood of antipsychotic and antidepressant medication dispensings. 相似文献
54.
Mehmet Elgin 《Philosophia》2010,38(4):755-771
Some philosophers of physics recently expressed their skepticism about causation (Norton 2003b, 2007). However, this is not new. The view that causation does not refer to any ontological category perhaps can be attributed
to Hume, Kant and Russell. On the other hand, some philosophers (Wesley Salmon and Phil Dowe) view causation as a physical
process and some others (Cartwright) view causation as making claims about capacities possessed by objects. The issue about
the ontological status of causal claims involves issues concerning the ontological status of capacity, modality and dispositional
claims. In this paper, my goal is to show that without engaging metaphysical debates about the ontological status of causal
claims, it can be shown that we can objectively assign truth values to these statements. I argue that for causal claims to
be objective we don't need to postulate the existence of special facts (specific to causal claims) in addition to ordinary
physical facts described by physical theories. This, I think, is enough to justify the usefulness of this concept in certain
branches (may be all) of science. Once this is achieved, there is no need to engage in unnecessary metaphysical debates. So,
even if advanced physical theories don't mention this notion, causal reasoning can still be important in understanding the
world not in the sense that science discovers special ontological category called causation but in the sense that we come
to know certain facts about the world. 相似文献
55.
Trond Viggo Grøntvedt Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair Mehmet Mehmetoglu 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2015,56(5):516-526
Despite men initiating sex more than women there is considerable variance within the sexes. This study is the first to consider the impact of multiple predictors from the literature, and investigates how factors, such as relationship length, sociosexuality, and different aspects of self‐perceived mate value among others, independently and interactively predict initiation of sexual intercourse in both short‐term sexual and long‐term romantic mating contexts, testing predictions from Sexual strategies theory. For long‐term relationships, positive partner bond increased initiative to sexual intercourse for women. For men, self‐perceived independence increased probability of taking the initiative, while relationship attachment decreased probability. For short‐term relations, the desire component of the sociosexual orientation inventory increased probability of initiation for both sexes, while male initiative was increased by pleasure reasons for sex. The impact of individual predictors on initiating intercourse is influenced by being included in a multidimensional model, and relationship context affects the impact of the predictors. 相似文献
56.
Eunju Yoon Christine Chih-Ting Chang Angela Clawson Michael Knoll Fatma Aydin Laura Barsigian 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2015,28(2):132-149
This study tested a conceptual model of religiousness/spirituality (R/S) and hedonic well-being (HWB; measured by life satisfaction and positive affect) by including eudaimonic well-being (EWB; measured by meaning in life) as a mediator. Given the multidimensionality of R/S, we examined whether and how the magnitudes of direct and indirect relationships varied for various aspects of R/S: organizational religious practices, private religious practices, daily religious/spiritual experiences, and subjective spirituality. Web survey data of 450 US American adults were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that EWB partially mediated the relation of daily religious/spiritual experiences and HWB; however, the other three aspects of R/S had no indirect relationships with HWB. Additionally, private religious practices and subjective spirituality indicated negative direct relationships with HWB. Approximately 68% of the variance in HWB was accounted for by the variables included in this model. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed. 相似文献
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58.
In longitudinal data collection, it is common that each wave of collection spans several months. However, researchers using latent growth models commonly ignore variability in data collection occasions within a wave. In this study, we investigated the consequences of ignoring within-wave variability in measurement occasions using a Monte Carlo simulation and an empirical study. The results of the simulation study showed that ignoring heterogeneity resulted in biased estimates for some parameters, especially when heterogeneity was large and assessment dates had a skewed distribution. Models constructed on person-specific time points yielded precise estimates and more adequate model fit. In the empirical study, we demonstrated different time coding strategies with a subsample taken from Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Cohort. 相似文献
59.
The overarching purpose of the study was to investigate the role of three types of social support (i.e., spousal, childcare,
and organizational support) in relation to work–family conflict (WFC) in dual-earner families with children ages 0–6 years.
The relationship of WFC to psychological well-being and well-being in the domain of family was explored. Finally, the relationship
of spousal support to psychological well-being and marital satisfaction was examined. A total of 434 participants (237 mothers,
197 fathers) in dual-earner families in Turkey with at least one preschool child participated in the study. The relative impact
of childcare, spousal support, and organizational support on WFC and outcome variables was tested simultaneously for both
men and women through structural equation modeling. Spousal support was related to WFC for women, whereas both spousal and
organizational support were related to WFC for men. WFC had a negative relationship with psychological well-being, marital
satisfaction, and parental role performance for both men and women. Implications of the results in relation to changing gender
roles in a cultural context that is characterized by high collectivism and low gender egalitarianism are discussed.
The paper received a Caroline Dexter Best Paper Award Nomination, Academy of Management Annual Meeting, New Orleans, August
2004. 相似文献
60.
Nancy Cartwright (1983, 1999) argues that (1) the fundamental laws of physics are true when and only when appropriate ceteris paribus modifiers are attached and that (2) ceteris paribus modifiers describe conditions that are almost never satisfied. She concludes that when the fundamental laws of physics are
true, they don't apply in the real world, but only in highly idealized counterfactual situations. In this paper, we argue
that (1) and (2) together with an assumption about contraposition entail the opposite conclusion — that the fundamental laws
of physics do apply in the real world. Cartwright extracts from her thesis about the inapplicability of fundamental laws the conclusion
that they cannot figure in covering-law explanations. We construct a different argument for a related conclusion — that forward-directed
idealized dynamical laws cannot provide covering-law explanations that are causal. This argument is neutral on whether the
assumption about contraposition is true. We then discuss Cartwright's simulacrum account of explanation, which seeks to describe
how idealized laws can be explanatory.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献