排序方式: 共有128条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - Language learners’ actual speech performances constitute an essential aspect of studies on second language learning and teaching. Although there is... 相似文献
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Robert L. Smith Mehmet A. Karaman Richard S. Balkin Saumya Talwar 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2020,48(3):418-429
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretically-driven instrument of achievement motivation and determine its validation. The Achievement Motivation Measure (AMM) is closely aligned with Atkinson and McClelland's (1948, 1953, 1961) theoretical constructs of achievement thoughts and behaviours. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis (CFA and EFA) methods evaluated the structural validity of a newly developed instrument, the AMM, by assessing achievement thoughts and behaviours. Participants included 632 graduate and undergraduate university students. EFA supported two factors (Achievement Thoughts and Achievement Behaviours) with 13 items. Findings of a CFA supported the modified two-factor model as fitting the data. The theoretically supported AMM effectively measured achievement motivation by assessing achievement thoughts and behaviours. 相似文献
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John M. Pearce Edward S. Redhead Aydan Aydin 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》1997,50(4):273-294
Four experiments examined the effects of a partial reinforcement schedule on extinction using appetitive Pavlovian conditioning. Extinction was slower after partial than after continuous reinforcement when the schedules were administered to different groups (Experiment 1). The opposite result was found in Experiments 2 and 3 when both schedules were presented to the same group in the same context. When the schedules were presented to the same group in different contexts, then extinction was again slower after partial reinforcement (Experiment 3). Experiment 4 demonstrated that a change of context facilitates extinction to a greater extent after conditioning with a partial reinforcement schedule than with a continuous one. The results are explained by assuming that the nonreinforced trials of a partial reinforcement schedule create an internal state that serves as a contextual cue. 相似文献
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Nilüfer Aydin Bartosz Gula Julia Albrecht Marcel Obermeier Eva Lermer Michaela Pfundmair 《European journal of social psychology》2019,49(2):439-446
In the current study we extend previous findings on the shooter bias toward targets with Arab ethnicity. In an adapted shooter task, we presented stereotypically oriental-looking targets without explicit symbols of Islam (e.g., a turban) and additionally tested if presenting a “harmless” companion dog, together with Arab versus White targets, would affect the shooter bias. Participants responded faster and made fewer errors for armed Arab than for armed White targets. Moreover, compared to the “neutral” no dog condition, the presence of a dog triggered fewer false alarms for White than for Arab targets and slowed down (correct) responses in general. Implications and potential underlying mechanisms are discussed. 相似文献
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Aydan Aydin John M. Pearce 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》1995,48(3):215-234
Five autoshaping experiments with pigeons examined the effects of presenting in compound two stimuli that had individually been paired with food. The rate of responding during the compound was the same as for the individual stimuli when the stimulus duration was 10 sec. When the duration of the stimuli was 30 sec, the compound elicited a higher response rate than its components. This enhanced rate of responding during the compound was evident only for the initial portion of each trial. Moreover, the enhanced rate of responding was no greater than for a compound composed of an excitatory and a neutral element. These results present difficulties for both elemental and configural theories of conditioning. 相似文献