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91.
Julia D. McQuade Meghan Tomb Betsy Hoza Daniel A. Waschbusch Elizabeth A. Hurt Aaron J. Vaughn 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(2):307-319
This study examined the relation between cognitive deficits and positive bias in a sample of 272 children with and without
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; 7–12 years old). Results indicated that children with ADHD with and without
biased self-perceptions exhibit differences in specific cognitive deficits (executive processes, working memory, broad attention,
and cognitive fluency) compared to each other and to control children. Further, specific cognitive deficits emerged as partial
mediators of the relation between ADHD diagnostic status and positive bias. Interestingly, some differences in results emerged
based on the domain considered (academic, social, behavioral competence). Results lend initial support to the role of cognitive
deficits in the positive bias of some children with ADHD. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed. 相似文献
92.
Kevin M. Beaver Joseph L. Nedelec Meghan Wilde Courtney Lippoff Dylan Jackson 《Journal of research in personality》2011,45(3):279-284
Findings from molecular genetic research have indicated that a polymorphism in the promoter region of the MAOA gene interacts with environmental liabilities to predict antisocial phenotypes. We use these findings as a springboard to examine whether a global protective-risk factor index moderates the effect of MAOA genotype on the probability of being incarcerated and on a measure of anger and hostility. Analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) indicates that exposure to risk and protective factors in adolescence are able to moderate the effect of MAOA genotype on anger and hostility in adulthood for males. The results in relation to the probability of being incarcerated were consistently null. 相似文献
93.
Pellegrini AD Van Ryzin MJ Roseth C Bohn-Gettler C Dupuis D Hickey M Peshkam A 《Aggressive behavior》2011,37(3):248-257
This longitudinal, naturalistic study addressed behavioral and social cognitive processes implicated in preschool children's social dominance. In the first objective, we examined the degree to which peer aggression, affiliation, and postaggression reconciliation predicted social dominance across a school year. Consistent with predictions, all three predicted dominance early in the year while only affiliation predicted dominance later in the year, suggesting that aggression, affiliation, and reconciliation were used to establish social dominance where affiliation was used to maintain it. In the second, exploratory, objective we tested the relative importance of social dominance and reconciliation (the Machiavellian and Vygotskian intelligence hypotheses, respectively) in predicting theory of mind/false belief. Results indicated that social dominance accounted for significant variance, beyond that related to reconciliation and affiliation, in predicting theory of mind/false belief status. Results are discussed in terms of specific behavioral and social cognitive processes employed in establishing and maintaining social dominance. 相似文献
94.
Joah L. Williams Christopher J. Monahan Meghan E. McDevitt-Murphy 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(4):514-522
Although DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) include three primary symptom clusters, recent evidence from
confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the latent structure of PTSD is better represented by four factors, which will likely
be reflected in the upcoming DSM-5. Given this likely transition from three to four clusters, the present study sought to
examine specific and non-specific aspects of dysphoria in the factor structure of PTSD symptoms in a sample of OEF/OIF combat
veterans presenting to a Veterans Affairs primary care clinic. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the PCL-M (Weathers et al.
1993). Results from confirmatory factor analyses suggested that a dysphoria factor involving a number of non-specific distress
symptoms may be an important part of the PTSD symptom profile. After controlling for variance due to general psychological
distress, we further found that factor loadings on the dysphoria factor were attenuated but continued to significantly load
onto the factor, suggesting that dysphoria may be a specific part of the PTSD symptom constellation. 相似文献
95.
96.
The relationship between religious/spiritual (R/S) factors and adolescent health outcomes has been studied for decades; however,
the R/S measurement tools used may not be developmentally relevant for adolescents. A systematic literature review was conducted
to review and evaluate trends in measuring R/S in adolescent health outcomes research. In this review a total of 100 articles
met criteria for inclusion. Relatively few (n = 15) included adolescent-specific R/S measures or items accounting for developmentally relevant issues such as parental
religiosity or age-appropriate language. Future R/S and health research with adolescents would be strengthened by incorporating
developmentally relevant R/S measurement tools, psychometrics, and multidimensional measures. 相似文献
97.
Meghan K. Housley Heather M. Claypool Diane M. Mackie 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(1):114-119
The notion that language can shape social perception has a long history in psychology. The current work adds to this literature by investigating the relationship between ingroup-designating pronouns and perceptions of familiarity. In two experiments, participants were exposed to nonsense syllables that were primed with ingroup (e.g., we) and control (e.g., it) pronouns before perceptions of the syllables’ familiarity (Experiments 1 and 2) and positivity (Experiment 2) were assessed. Because previous work has shown that ingroup pronouns are perceived positively (Perdue, Dovidio, Gurtman, & Tyler, 1990), and that positivity can trigger familiarity (e.g.,
[Garcia-Marques et al., 2004] and [Monin, 2003]), we predicted that syllables primed with ingroup-designating pronouns would be perceived as more familiar and positive than would syllables primed with control pronouns. These predictions were confirmed. Additionally, Experiment 2 provided suggestive evidence that the effect of ingroup pronouns on perceived familiarity is mediated by positivity. Implications of these results for the literatures on how language shapes intergroup biases and on how positivity triggers feelings of familiarity are discussed. 相似文献
98.
Meghan Benton 《Res Publica》2010,16(4):397-413
The debate between legal constitutionalists and critics of constitutional rights and judicial review is an old and lively one. While the protection of minorities is a pivotal aspect of this debate, the protection of disenfranchised minorities has received little attention. Policy-focused discussion—of the merits of the Human Rights Act in Britain for example—often cites protection of non-citizen migrants, but the philosophical debate does not. Non-citizen residents or ‘denizens’ therefore provide an interesting test case for the theory of rights as trumps on ordinary representative politics. Are they the ultimate success story of the human rights framework? Or was Michael Walzer correct to describe government of denizens by citizens as a modern form of ‘tyranny’? This paper argues that neither liberal rights theorists nor democratic republicans provide a coherent response to the existence of denizens. Liberal rights theorists overstate the extent to which a politically powerless status can secure individual rights, while democratic republicans idealise the political process and wrongly assume that all those affected by laws are eligible for political participation. The paper outlines an alternative model for assessing the accountability of states to their non-citizen population, informed by the republican ideal of non-domination. It identifies gaps in state accountability to denizens–such as where there is inadequate diplomatic protection—and argues that these gaps are particularly troubling if their exit costs of leaving the state are high. 相似文献
99.
In the current study we examined associations between gender role development and body image. Male and female first-semester college students (N = 434) who identified as African American, Latino/a American, and European American completed surveys about gendered personality traits (instrumentality/expressivity), gender role attitudes, and aspects of body image (e.g., satisfaction, orientation). Gendered traits were more frequently associated with body image than were gender role attitudes. In particular, individuals who were more instrumental and less inauthentic in their relationships felt more positive about their bodies. Gender role attitudes were also associated with body image, but sometimes in an unexpected direction. These findings highlight the importance of examining multiple components of gender role development and body image in both men and women.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2004 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Baltimore, MD. This research was supported by grant R01 HD 41720 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to Eva S. Lefkowitz. 相似文献
100.