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921.
Gordon L. Flett Abby L. Goldstein Paul L. Hewitt Christine Wekerle 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2012,31(1):49-64
The current study examined the extent to which an expanded self-punitiveness model could be applied to deliberate self-harm
(DSH) among students making the transition to university. Specific components of the self-punitiveness model included perfectionism,
overgeneralization, self-criticism, and shame. A sample of 319 university students completed a measure of deliberate self-harm
as well as two multidimensional perfectionism measures and measures of self-criticism, overgeneralization, and shame. Correlational
analyses found few significant associations among deliberate self-harm and the self-punitiveness factors among men. In contrast,
among women, deliberate self-harm was associated with dimensions of trait perfectionism such as parental criticism and socially
prescribed perfectionism, as well as with overgeneralization, self-criticism, and both characterological shame and bodily
shame with the strongest associations found with shame. Supplementary analyses found a strong link between overgeneralization
and shame and an association between self-criticism and shame among women. The results support the contention that particularly
among young women making the transition to university, deliberate self-harm behavior is a reflection of a self-punitive personality
orientation with multiple facets and a sense of shame associated with an overgeneralized sense of failing to meet social expectations. 相似文献
922.
The question whether memory aberrations in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) also manifest as an increased production of false memories is important for both theoretical and practical reasons, but is yet unsolved. Therefore, for the present study we investigated veridical and false recognition in PTSD with a new scenic variant of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, which was administered to traumatized individuals with PTSD (n=32), traumatized individuals without PTSD (n=30), and non-traumatized controls (n=30). The PTSD group neither produced higher rates of false memories nor expressed more confidence in errors, but did show inferior memory sensitivity. Whereas depressive symptoms did not correlate with veridical nor false recognition, state dissociation was positively associated with false memories. 相似文献
923.
Wain KE Riggs E Hanson K Savage M Riethmaier D Muirhead A Mitchell E Packard BS Faucett WA 《Journal of genetic counseling》2012,21(5):631-637
The International Standards for Cytogenomic Arrays (ISCA) Consortium is a worldwide collaborative effort dedicated to optimizing patient care by improving the quality of chromosomal microarray testing. The primary effort of the ISCA Consortium has been the development of a database of copy number variants (CNVs) identified during the course of clinical microarray testing. This database is a powerful resource for clinicians, laboratories, and researchers, and can be utilized for a variety of applications, such as facilitating standardized interpretations of certain CNVs across laboratories or providing phenotypic information for counseling purposes when published data is sparse. A recognized limitation to the clinical utility of this database, however, is the quality of clinical information available for each patient. Clinical genetic counselors are uniquely suited to facilitate the communication of this information to the laboratory by virtue of their existing clinical responsibilities, case management skills, and appreciation of the evolving nature of scientific knowledge. We intend to highlight the critical role that genetic counselors play in ensuring optimal patient care through contributing to the clinical utility of the ISCA Consortium's database, as well as the quality of individual patient microarray reports provided by contributing laboratories. Current tools, paper and electronic forms, created to maximize this collaboration are shared. In addition to making a professional commitment to providing complete clinical information, genetic counselors are invited to become ISCA members and to become involved in the discussions and initiatives within the Consortium. 相似文献
924.
Langford AT Resnicow K Roberts JS Zikmund-Fisher BJ 《Journal of genetic counseling》2012,21(3):440-447
To examine the association of 1) race/ethnicity and 2) numeracy with awareness of DTC genetic tests. Secondary analysis of
6,754 Hispanic, black, and white adult respondents to the National Cancer Institute’s 2007 Health Information National Trends
Survey (HINTS). Logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic predictors of DTC genetic tests awareness including
race/ethnicity, income, education, and gender. Next, two numeracy variables were added to the model. After controlling for
sociodemographic variables, black respondents were significantly less likely to have heard of DTC genetic tests compared to
white respondents (OR = 0.79; CI: 0.65–0.97). When numeracy variables were added to the model, the effect of black race was
no longer significant (OR = 0.84; CI: 0.69–1.04). Hispanic respondents did not significantly differ from white respondents
in awareness of DTC genetic tests. Other significant correlates of DTC genetic tests awareness in the full model included
education, income, age, and numeracy variables including degree to which people use medical statistics and numbers to make
health decisions, and preference for words or numbers when discussing “the chance of something happening.” Although black
respondents were generally less aware of DTC genetic tests than white respondents, this relationship appears to be partially
mediated by numeracy. 相似文献
925.
Technological advances and information-seeking consumers have pushed forward the movement of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic
testing. Just like with other types of testing, there are potential risks, benefits and limitations. A major limitation of
DTC testing is the incomplete view it provides regarding lifetime risk for common, complex diseases, since most tests only
analyze 1–2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and do not include evaluation of medical or family histories, which is
necessary to risk assessment. Further, it is not currently well-established whether personal genomic testing results will
lead toward improved health behaviors, adverse psychological effects or potential overuse of the health care system. To display
these and other issues, we present an in-depth case study of an individual who ordered DTC genetic testing and subsequently
sought genetic counseling. This case presents a unique learning experience for the field of genomic counseling, as the patient
did not fit the typical assumptions regarding ‘early adopters’ of DTC testing. It also allowed the genetics health care providers
involved in the case to identify gaps in current genetic counseling practice that need to be filled and approaches to employ
for successful delivery of genomic counseling. Based on our experience, we developed practical recommendations for genomic
counseling, which include novel approaches to case preparation, use of electronic tools during the counseling session, and
focusing on education as the major component of the genomic counseling session, in order to provide patients with the knowledge
necessary to independently interpret and understand large amounts of genomic testing information provided to them. 相似文献
926.
927.
Vaishali V. Raval Pratiksha H. Raval Stephen P. Becker 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(2):320-330
Cultural influences in the experience and expression of emotions have been widely recognized, although systematic studies
of emotion-related beliefs in culturally diverse families have been scarce. The purpose of the present exploratory study was
to examine beliefs about anger among a group of adolescent male offenders in India temporarily residing in a pre-sentencing
institution. In particular, adolescent offenders (n = 14) were individually interviewed about their beliefs concerning causes and concomitants of, and behavioral responses to,
one’s own and others’ anger, as well as family patterns of anger expression that are crucial in understanding socialization
processes. Although some of the themes reflected in their narratives parallel the beliefs of educated, middle-class, non-offender
youth in India (e.g., social inappropriateness of anger), as well as those of offenders in other parts of the world (e.g.,
aggressive behavior as a common response to anger), beliefs about various aspects of anger specific to this subculture of
offender youth also emerged. In particular, perceived violations of family honor were cited as the most common elicitors of
anger, and although anger was considered ‘bad’ it was expressed through aggression. The findings of this study highlight the
need to develop a culturally informed theory of emotions, and relatedly, to develop culturally sensitive interventions for
anger management that can be incorporated as a part of rehabilitation efforts for offender youth in India. 相似文献
928.
We investigated the relationship between conformative peer bullying and issues of peer conformity among adolescents. This
relationship is examined through the establishment of a mediated moderation model for conformative peer bullying using structural
equation modeling in a sample of 391 second-year middle school students in Seoul, South Korea. We found that peer pressure
and resistance to peer influence interact with one another to affect antisocial conformity, which then affects conformative
peer bullying, thereby establishing its mediated moderation effect. The results suggest that conformative peer bullying that
encourages and assists active bullies is affected by antisocial conformity; moreover, an individual’s capacity to resist peer
influence plays a protective role against peer conformity, and this must be acknowledged as a significant influence in conformative
peer bullying among adolescents. 相似文献
929.
Michelle R. Haney 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(3):466-473
Few programs exist for after school care designed to support children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Not only do parents often depend on after school care, but also children with ASD are likely to benefit from opportunities to generalize skills in an authentic setting and interact with typically developing peers. This lack of support occurs at a time during which there is increasing research and community awareness regarding the need for high quality after school programs to support typically developing children. This study investigates reported experiences with and needs for after school care by parents of children with ASD. Survey results (N = 54) revealed that the majority of parents surveyed desired after school programs within their child’s school but are often denied access to such services or received low quality care for their child in after school programs. Recommendations are provided for future research and program development. 相似文献
930.
In the aftermath of several school shooting incidents in recent years, students’ perceptions of unsafe schools has been a
major concern for parents, teachers, school officials, school practitioners, and policy-makers. Using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological
systems framework, we examined the micro-, meso-, and exosystem level factors associated with perceptions of unsafe school
environments in a nationally representative sample of 10- to 15-year-old youth in the United States. We found that for the
socio-demographic characteristics, students who were older, male, and poor had increased risks of perceiving higher levels
of unsafe school environments. Within the microsystem of the family, our results indicate that parent-youth discussions of
school activities/events decreased the risk of students perceiving unsafe schools. All of the school environment variables—ease
of making friends, teachers’ involvement, observed weapon carrying, and school rule enforcement—were related in the expected
direction to students’ perceiving their schools as unsafe. At the mesosystem level, findings from our study demonstrate that
variables measuring parental school involvement were unrelated to perceptions of school safety. Finally, at the exosystem
level, we found that students’ perceptions of residing in a safer neighborhood and residence in a non-central city metropolitan
area, compared with a central city, decreased the odds of perceiving school environments as unsafe. School policy and practice
implications are discussed. 相似文献