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951.
952.
Michael L. Commons Eric A. Goodheart Linda M. Bresette Nancy F. Bauer Edwin W. Farrell Katherine G. McCarthy Dorothy L. Danaher Francis A. Richards Janet B. Ellis Anne M. O'Brien Joseph A. Rodriguez Dawn Schraeder 《Journal of Adult Development》1995,2(3):193-199
This reply discusses the measurement of formal, systematic, and metasystematic stages. Recent multidomain studies have shown disparate results and we suggest that these results could be attributed not to actual variations in adult development or the existence or non-existence of stage, but instead may reflect differences in methodology regarding task, domain, and scoring. Our study indicates that when tested in only one domain—balance beams and extensions of those tasks—participants who performed at the higher stage were also able to perform at the lower stages. These results also coincide with similar studies conducted. 相似文献
953.
Martin Fishbein David Trafimow Susan E. Middlestadt Michael Helquist Claudette Francis M. Ann Eustace 《Journal of applied social psychology》1995,25(1):1-20
In Fall 1990, a knowledge, attitude, belief, and practices (KABP) survey was administered to a representative sample of residents of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, an island nation in the Eastern Caribbean. The KABP questionnaire contained a large number of questions that could reasonably be expected to be related to whether or not people use condoms. To a certain extent, each of these questions can be viewed as an attempt to assess one of the variables identified by one or more theories of behavior and behavior change. More specifically, questions on the KABP were identified as possible indicants of AIDS knowledge, cues to action, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived (locus of) control, perceived normative pressure, and condom use outcome expectancies. Statistical analyses indicated that some, but not all, of these variables were related to condom use among sexually active adults. In particular, the analyses indicated that perceived normative pressure to use condoms was the single most important determinant of condom use behaviors on St. Vincent. The implications of this finding for designing mass-media campaigns to increase condom use is discussed, and a campaign that attempts to change condom use by influencing perceived social norms is strongly recommended. 相似文献
954.
Charles X. Ling 《国际科学哲学研究》1995,9(1):19-36
The notion of necessary new terms (predicates) is proposed. It is shown that necessary new predicates in first‐order logic must be directly, recursively defined. I present a first‐order inductive learning algorithm that introduces new necessary predicates to model scientific revolution in which a new language is adopted. I demonstrate that my learning system can learn a genetic theory with theoretical terms which, after being induced by my system, can be interpreted as either types of genetic properties (dominant or recessive) or genes, depending on the representation of the hypotheses of the same theoretical terms. 相似文献
955.
The signal detection model forknow andremember recognition judgments was tested in two experiments. In Experiment 1, two predictions of the model were tested: (1) that measures of memory sensitivity,A′, are equivalent in value when based on either the recognition (know or remember) criterion or on the remember criterion; and (2) that there is a positive correlation between recognition bias and the proportion of know judgments that are hits, but no correlation between recognition bias and proportion of remember hits (Donaldson, 1996). Both predictions were supported by the data. In Experiment 2, the context of test items was manipulated to make it more or less similar to learning context. The detection model requires that memory sensitivity be the same for both recognition and remember judgments, regardless of test context. Alternatively, if remember judgments reflect only the retrieval of episodic information from memory, the two measures of memory sensitivity should become more disparate in value as learning and test context are made more similar. Memory sensitivity was generally the same in value for recognition and remember criteria but different across context conditions, thus supporting the detection model. The nature of the memory continuum used in detection theory is also discussed. 相似文献
956.
Continuing work initiated by Jónsson, Daigneault, Pigozzi and others; Maksimova proved that a normal modal logic (with a single unary modality) has the Craig interpolation property iff the corresponding class of algebras has the superamalgamation property (cf. [Mak 91], [Mak 79]). The aim of this paper is to extend the latter result to a large class of logics. We will prove that the characterization can be extended to all algebraizable logics containing Boolean fragment and having a certain kind of local deduction property. We also extend this characterization of the interpolation property to arbitrary logics under the condition that their algebraic counterparts are discriminator varieties. We also extend Maksimova's result to normal multi-modal logics with arbitrarily many, not necessarily unary modalities, and to not necessarily normal multi-modal logics with modalities of ranks smaller than 2, too.The problem of extending the above characterization result to no n-normal non-unary modal logics remains open.Related issues of universal algebra and of algebraic logic are discussed, too. In particular we investigate the possibility of extending the characterization of interpolability to arbitrary algebraizable logics. 相似文献
957.
The short-form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was completed by 81 male Anglican clergy in charge of rural benefices and by 72 in charge of urban benefices. The rural clergy recorded higher scores on the extraversion and lie scales. These findings are discussed in light of the changing nature of rural ministry. 相似文献
958.
Diane M. Novy Ronald G. Frankiewicz David J. Francis Dov Liberman John E. Overall Ken R. Vincent 《Journal of personality》1994,62(1):87-118
This study demonstrates the use of structural equation modeling for investigating a hierarchical model of personality based on Loevinger's (1976) conceptualization. This model was constructed to have a multifactorial and hierarchical structure in which the ego development construct served as the source of covariation for specific personality constructs of impulse control, interpersonal style, conscious preoccupations, and cognitive style. This model and three other conceivable models were investigated to determine which structure best represented the relations among specific personality constructs and ego development. The specific personality constructs were identified by measures chosen from the available pool of measures that were compatible with Loevinger's conceptualization. The four conceivable models were fitted to sample data from 267 adult subjects using confirmatory factor analysis and were compared with indices of model fit and methods for comparison of nested models. Results suggested that the four specific personality constructs and ego development are part of the same process. Although a hierarchical structure appeared tenable for this process, the role of ego development perhaps is not as dominant as envisioned by Loevinger. These results must be considered tentative due to measurement limitations. 相似文献
959.
960.
Francis M. Forster 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1967,2(3):236-244
Previous communications from the Epilepsy Center of the University of Wisconsin described the conditioning of certain types of sensory-induced epilepsy. These included stroboscopic-induced seizures, startle epilepsy and musicogenic epilepsy. The present communication adds two types of sensory-evoked seizures treated by conditioning techniques. These additional types are the dysrhythmias induced by pattern presentation and by eye closure. The techniques employed are similar in their main concept to those previously reported. The presentation of a noxious stimulus is altered in such a way as to be innocuous, then is presented repeatedly without producing a seizure. Next, the stimulus is altered gradually until the noxious state is reached. Although these techniques are of value in the treatment of refractory cases of sensory-evoked epilepsy, their major importance is the demonstration that it is possible by the use of behavioral techniques to alter the electroencephalogram and the neurophysiological-neurochemical state which is epilepsy. 相似文献