Relationships Among Adolescent Girls' Eating Behaviors and Their Parents' Weight-Related Attitudes and Behaviors

This article examines adolescent girls' weightloss behaviors and possible parent influences related toweight and shape. Questionnaires were completed by 369grade 10 girls and their parents. Findings suggested that parent encouragement to loseweight was a more significant predictor of daughterdietary restraint than parents' own dietary restraintlevels. Mother influence variables added significantly to a regression equation after fatherinfluences had been entered, but the reverse was not thecase. Parents' food abstaining behaviors, such asfasting and skipping meals, predicted food abstaining in daughters. Most findings were replicated whendaughter body size was controlled for. Implications formodels of the transmission of diet and weight-relatedvalues from parent to child are discussed.     

关于健康社会性格的跨文化研究

社会性格作为国民素质的重要组成,其健康程度将直接影响精神文明建设的成效。本研究发现,当代人健康社会性格体系由五个因素构成,分别是：进取心、道德感、安定感、领导性与家庭性,为进一步深入探究,本研究采用跨文化方式,将日韩、欧美的参照样本与当代中国人进行比较研究,发现性别与国别因素对于五个因素中的若干项具有显著性影响,体现出跨文化差异性。本研究对于成功塑造跨世纪中国人健康社会性格将具有积极的理论与实践意义。     

印象整饰对强迫服从后态度改变的影响

以194名大学生为被试,采用实验室实验法和利克特型态度量表,对Festinger和Carlsmith“强迫服从的认知性后果”实验进行了验证研究,并对个体印象整饰水平—自我监控力的差异对强迫服从后的态度中庸现象的影响作用进行了实验研究。结果表明：（1）自我监控性高低极端组在强迫服从后的态度得分不支持Festinger等实验的结果;（2）个体的印象整饰水平的差异对强迫服从中出现的态度中庸现象有显著影响作用。仅从个体内在的心理因素来解释复杂的社会行为是不够的,我们既要考虑个体自身的因素也要考虑外在环境的作用     

小学生有意遗忘中认知抑制能力发展的研究

有意遗忘是一种新的关于记忆研究的实验范式．主要探讨个体抑制能力的发展。研究使用的实验材料分为单字和双字词．被试为小学二、四、六年级共90名学生。实验结果发现：①对于两种实验材料单字和双字词,小学生有意遗忘中的认知抑制能力随年级而提高;②小学生对两种材料的抑制能力存在差异,表明小学生在有意遗忘中的抑制能力受材料的意义性和材料难度的影响。     

民主的危机与合法性的重建--哈贝马斯对民主的思考

引言随着冷战时代的终结,自由主义在全球范围内获得了压倒性胜利,但国际间的冲突和西方国家内部存在的种种危机并未因此得以消弭,反而更加引人注目了。几乎在福山抛出颇为乐观的“历史终结论”的同时,亨廷顿的“文明冲突论”即尾随而至,给后冷战时代的国际关系蒙上了一层阴影。就西方自由主义国家的民主实践而言,盛行于上个世纪60年代风起云涌的激进民主浪潮挑战了自由主义对民主的规范理解,也显示了西方国家政治系统的危机,这刺激了西方思想家对民主问题的深层思考。在《公民与国家之间的距离》一文中,查尔斯·泰勒忧虑当代西方民主国家的…     

大学生面众交流恐惧的心理测量学初探

研制测量大学生面众交流恐惧的量表。采用初测量表在西南地区师范类与非师范类大学随机测查349名大学生,对回收有效数据进行探索性因素分析。采用正式量表对西南地区师范类与非师范类619名大学生进行施测,将回收有效问卷进行分半处理,将其中一半的数据作为验证性因素分析;另一半数据作为交互效度分析。3个星期后,随机抽取西南某省师范大学与非师范大学生100名进行重测。验证性因素分析结果表明,大学生面众交流恐惧量表由4个维度构成,分别是上台恐惧,社交交流恐惧、小组交流恐惧和交流自信。交互效度的检验表明该量表具有测量恒等性,可使用于大学生不同样本的测量。     

我国军人心理素质研究进展与展望

军人心理素质研究作为军事心理学研究中一个重要的内容,近年来引起了研究者的广泛关注。以近年来军人心理素质研究的文献为基础,对军人心理素质概念、军人心理素质的成分与测评、军人心理素质特点、军人心理素质训练等方面进行了回顾,展望了该领域的研究方向,为军人心理素质的深入研究提供借鉴。     

项目特异性加工和关系加工对非熟练中-英双语者跨语言错误记忆的影响

采用DRM范式进行跨语言错误记忆的研究较为鲜见, 而且得出了许多不同的结果, 关于错误记忆跨语言产生的理论解释也是各执己见。研究以非熟练中-英双语大学生为被试, 采用DRM范式对非熟练中-英双语者的跨语言错误记忆进行了研究。在2个实验中, 分别探讨了项目特异性加工和关系加工条件下, 语义激活的不同水平对跨语言错误记忆的影响。结果发现：1)非熟练中-英双语者也存在跨语言的错误记忆; 2)在项目特异性加工和关系加工条件下, 相同语言内与不同语言间发生关键诱词的错误再认的结果是不同的; 3)只在项目特异性加工条件下, 长词表比短词表会诱发更多的对关键诱词的错误再认。研究结果支持了激活-监测理论。     

Are facilitated mentoring programs beneficial? A randomized experimental field study

Results from a pretest–posttest randomized field experiment study with a control group comparing the impact of high- and low-level-facilitated mentoring programs on new employees’ performance and perceptions about their jobs and organization were reported in this paper. Results indicated increases in job satisfaction, organizational commitment, person-organization fit and performance by participants in both mentoring programs with larger gains made by the high-level-facilitated group. These results suggest that a formal mentoring program can have positive effects on employee’s work-related attitudes, cognition and behavior with significantly greater gains made by formal mentoring programs with higher levels of facilitation.     

Tight and loose are not created equal: An asymmetry underlying the representation of fit in English- and Korean-speakers

Research concerning the spatial dimension fit (tight versus loose) has been based on a tacit but untested assumption that the dimension fit is symmetrical, with tight- and loose-fitting relations highlighting the dimension fit with equal force. We propose a reformulation, documenting that adult speakers of English (Experiment 1) and Korean (Experiment 2) are sensitive to the dimension fit, but that their representation is asymmetric, with tight-fitting events highlighting fit with greater force than loose-fitting events. We propose that sensitivity to the dimension fit is more resilient than has previously been suggested, and that the asymmetry documented here provides a foundation upon which to pursue nuanced questions about the relationship between language and our underlying representations of space.