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41.
Janice Neibaur Day Andrea P. McDonnell Rob O’Neill 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2008,17(3):253-277
This study examined the effects of using a research based print reading program modified to accommodate beginning braille
readers using an alphabet or uncontracted braille reading approach with five beginning braille readers. Four of the 5 participants
displayed a clear increase in their ability to read high frequency words when they began using the Early Steps reading program
modified to an Early Steps Alphabet Braille Reading Program. Study findings indicate that access to reading activities and
materials afforded to sighted peers resulted in improved reading outcomes for children with visual impairments. Teachers,
participants, and family members all viewed the use of the uncontracted braille reading program and materials favorably. Specialized
reading instruction was also perceived as beneficial by teachers of students with visual impairments when the training addressed
the specific needs of braille readers. 相似文献
42.
McDonnell Christina G. Lawson Monica Speidel Ruth Fondren Kaitlin Valentino Kristin 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2022,50(7):837-851
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - Mother–child reminiscing about past emotional experiences is one aspect of emotion socialization that facilitates child socio-emotional and... 相似文献
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Torture is prohibited by statutes worldwide, yet the legal definition of torture is almost invariably based on an inherently subjective judgment involving pain severity. In four experiments, we demonstrate that judgments of whether specific interrogation tactics constitute torture are subject to an empathy gap: People who are experiencing even a mild version of the specific pain produced by an interrogation tactic are more likely to classify that tactic as torture or as unethical than are those who are not experiencing pain. This discrepancy could result from an overestimation of the pain of torture by people in pain, an underestimation of the pain of torture by those not in pain, or both. The fourth experiment shows that the discrepancy results from an underestimation of pain by people who are not experiencing it. Given that legal standards guiding torture are typically established by people who are not in pain, this research suggests that practices that do constitute torture are likely to not be classified as such. 相似文献
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Although drinking and drunkenness have traditionally been considered masculine behaviours, young women's alcohol consumption has increased in recent years. This mixed methods study was conducted to examine the extent to which young people endorse gender double-standards for alcohol use--i.e., less acceptance of drinking and drunkenness in women than men--and how these influence men's and women's alcohol consumption. A sample of 731 English university students completed an online survey of gender role attitudes, beliefs about the gendered nature of alcohol use and recent alcohol consumption. Sixteen participants were then purposively selected for individual interviews: eight women and men with the most egalitarian gender role beliefs, and eight women and men with the least egalitarian beliefs. The two sets of data revealed that although there were few sex differences in actual levels of drinking or drunkenness, gender double-standards for alcohol use persist: beer drinking, binge drinking and public drunkenness tended to be perceived as masculine, and even the most egalitarian respondents were more judgemental of women's drinking. Participants modified their drinking style so as to maintain a desired gender identity. Although gender double-standards could be a focus of interventions to encourage moderate drinking, such approaches could reinforce gender inequalities. 相似文献
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