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261.
Prospective memory research almost exclusively examines remembering to execute an intention, but the ability to forget completed intentions may be similarly important. We had younger and older adults perform a prospective memory task (press Q when you see corn or dancer) and then told them that the intention was completed. Participants later performed a lexical-decision task (Phase 2) in which the prospective memory cues reappeared. Initial prospective memory performance was similar between age groups, but older adults were more likely than younger adults to press Q during Phase 2 (i.e., commission errors). This study provides the first experimental demonstration of event-based prospective memory commission errors after all prospective memory tasks are finished and identifies multiple factors that increase risk for commission errors. 相似文献
262.
George C. Banks Sven Kepes Michael A. McDaniel 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2012,20(2):182-196
Previous research has introduced the threat of publication bias to meta‐analytic reviews in management and industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology research. However, a comprehensive review of top‐tier journals demonstrates that more than two thirds of meta‐analytic studies in management and I/O psychology ignore the issue. Of the studies that do empirically evaluate publication bias, almost all use methods that are based on problematic assumptions (e.g., the Failsafe N and subgroup comparisons by source of data). The current paper reviews the issue of publication bias and introduces to management and I/O psychology new methodological techniques to assess this bias. To illustrate the methods, multiple publication bias methods are demonstrated in a meta‐analytic review of conditional reasoning tests for aggression. We offer specific recommendations that address both design and analysis issues to mitigate the existence and influence of publication bias. 相似文献
263.
马泳 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2012,33(17):60-63
公立医院增设药事服务费是医疗收费的一次重大改革,涉及多方利益.正确、科学调适“利益”问题,事关改革成败.药事服务费利益调适应遵循与医改整体目标相一致、患者利益第一、政府责任以及因地制宜原则.提出伦理调适与政策、经济调适并重;加大行政监管力度;药事服务费制度与现行收费制度改革同步;以此为契机建立新的医院考核评价机制等建议. 相似文献
264.
针对中医在肥胖2型糖尿病现有的病因病机理论体系上的不完善,以及现有理论在临床应用中的局限,笔者初步总结了肥胖2型糖尿病的发病机制,认为其病位主要在肝、脾、小肠.在此基础上提出肥胖2型糖尿病主要治则:疏肝理气、健脾降浊、通腑泻热.望能丰富中医消渴病理论,在辨证施治的同时提高临床疗效. 相似文献
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267.
阅读中的注意分配问题是区分目前占主导地位的两类眼动控制模型的核心因素,基于序列分布假设的眼动控模型与基于平行注意分布的眼动控制模型在对眼动行为的预测中存在一些显著的差异,譬如一次注视下能否深度加工知觉广度内的一个以上词汇的信息.文章围绕两类模型对该问题的不同预测,深入探讨了两类模型的核心差异以及相关实验证据,并概括其它相关领域中在知觉广度内关于序列与平行注意分布的研究,以及对建构中文眼动控制模型的重要意义. 相似文献
268.
Memory training for older adults often produces gains that are limited to the particular memory tasks encountered during training. We suggest that memory training programs may be misguided by an implicit "generalist" assumption-memory training on a couple of memory tasks will have a positive benefit on memory ability in general. One approach to increase memory-training benefits is to target training for the everyday memory tasks for which older adults struggle. Examples include training retrieval strategies, prospective memory strategies, and strategies for learning and remembering names. Another approach is to design training to foster transfer. Possible elements to improve transfer are increasing the variation that is experienced during the course of training at the level of stimuli and tasks, incorporating "homework" that guides the older adult to become attuned to situations in which the strategies can be applied, and providing older adults with a better understanding of how memory works. Finally, incorporating aerobic exercise into memory training programs may potentiate the acquisition and maintenance of the trained cognitive strategies. 相似文献
269.
Sven Kepes Michael A. McDaniel Michael T. Brannick George C. Banks 《Journal of business and psychology》2013,28(2):123-143
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to review the Meta-Analysis Reporting Standards (MARS) of the American Psychological Association (APA) and highlight opportunities for improvement of meta-analytic reviews in the organizational sciences.Design/Methodology/Approach
The paper reviews MARS, describes “best” meta-analytic practices across two schools of meta-analysis, and shows how implementing such practices helps achieve the aims set forth in MARS. Examples of best practices are provided to aid readers in finding models for their own research.Implications/Value
Meta-analytic reviews are a primary avenue for the accumulation of knowledge in the organizational sciences as well as many other areas of science. Unfortunately, many meta-analytic reviews in the organizational sciences do not fully follow professional guidelines and standards as closely as they should. Such deviations from best practice undermine the transparency and replicability of the reviews and thus their usefulness for the generation of cumulative knowledge and evidence-based practice. This study shows how implementing “best” meta-analytic practices helps to achieve the aims set forth in MARS. Although the paper is written primarily for organizational scientists, the paper’s recommendations are not limited to any particular scientific domain. 相似文献270.
We developed a method for estimating the dollar utility of changes in job performance associated with illnesses and their treatments. Then we applied this method to predict, for each job in the economy, the difference in productivity costs associated with the illness of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR) and that due to the difference between 2 commonly used treatments of SAR. The findings suggest that workers are 5% less productive when affected by SAR, and that when workers treat their SAR with desloratadine (a nonsedating antihistamine) instead of diphenhydramine (an over-the-counter 1st-generation antihistamine), they are 7% more productive, translating to a daily productivity cost differential between the 2 treatments of $11 per day, or $2.6 billion annually. The jobs most affected require high amounts of selective attention and perceptual speed (e.g., Aircraft Pilots and Flight Engineers, and those in the fields of manufacturing, security, and emergency response). 相似文献