Interdependence of Child Care Resources and the Progress of Women in Society

The development of child care resources on a wide scale has crucial and direct relevance to the progess of women. Child care needs are increasing as growing numbers of women enter the labor force and choose higher educational goals. Identifiable groups of women in different living arrangements who are in need of child care and the availability of various kinds of child care are discussed. The development of need-based alternative child care resources that would facilitate the progress of women is considered in terms of social, economic and political issues. Feasible alternatives for incorporating child care into education and industry are presented. The special advantage of these alternatives is that they would associate child care with work and education rather than with welfare. Because the institutions of work and education are central to society they could provide a broad foundation for the future development of child care on a wide scale.     

Suicide Ideations,Suicide Attempts,and Completed Suicide in Persons with Pathological Gambling and Their First‐Degree Relatives

We examined the relationship between suicidal ideations and attempts in 95 probands with pathological gambling (PG), 91 controls, and 1075 first‐degree relatives. The results were analyzed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Thirty‐four PG probands (35.8%) and 4 controls (4.4%) had attempted suicide (OR = 12.12, p < .001); in 13 probands, the attempt occurred before PG onset. Lifetime suicidal ideations occurred in 60 PG probands (63.2%) and 12 controls (13.2%) (OR = 11.29, p < .001). Suicidality in PG probands is a marker of PG severity and is associated with greater psychiatric comorbidity. Offspring of PG probands had significantly higher rates of suicide attempts than control offspring.     

粘连性小肠梗阻发病机制与预防进展

腹部手术后,机体在修复过程中会产生一系列生物化学与细胞学反应,导致腹腔粘连形成.尽管粘连形成具有一定保护性意义,但是粘连也是导致术后小肠梗阻的最主要病因.研究发现,纤维素沉积与降解之间的平衡关系,对于粘连性小肠梗阻的发病机制起着重要作用.     

Risk Factors,Warning Signs,and Drivers of Suicide: What Are They,How Do They Differ,and Why Does It Matter?

Research investigating suicide attempts and deaths by suicide has yielded many specific risk factors and warning signs for future suicidal behaviors. Yet, even though these variables are each valuable for suicide prevention efforts, they may be limited in their applicability to clinical practice. The differences among risk factors, warning signs, and “drivers,” which are person‐specific variables that lead individuals to desire death by suicide, are highlighted. The scarce evidence on drivers is described and specific recommendations for conducting future drivers‐focused research and targeting them in clinical practice are suggested.     

Identifying and Referring Youths at Risk for Suicide Following Participation in School‐Based Gatekeeper Training

Gatekeeper training is a core strategy of the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Suicide Prevention Act of 2004. Using data gathered from school‐based gatekeeper trainings implemented by GLS grantees, this analysis examines training and gatekeeper factors associated with (1) identification and referral patterns and (2) services at‐risk youths receive. Time spent interacting with youths was positively correlated with the number of gatekeeper identifications and knowledge about service receipt. Gatekeepers who participated in longer trainings identified proportionately more at‐risk youths than participants in shorter trainings. Most gatekeeper trainees referred the identified youths to services regardless of training type.     

Awareness Effects of a Youth Suicide Prevention Media Campaign in Louisiana

Research on the efficacy of mediated suicide awareness campaigns is limited. The impacts of a state‐wide media campaign on call volumes to a national hotline were analyzed to determine if the advertisements have raised awareness of the hotline. We use a quasi‐experimental design to compare call volumes from ZIP codes where and when the campaign is active with those where and when the campaign is not active. Multilevel model estimates suggest that the campaign appears to have significantly and substantially increased calls to the hotline. Results from this study add evidence to the growing public health literature that suggests that mediated campaigns can be an effective tool for raising audience awareness.     

章学诚《易教》篇与六艺一体论——兼论易学与章学诚的学术精神

章学诚的学术精神有两点特别突出: 一是贯通,二是经世致用。章学诚以《周易》的贯通精神来总论文史,认为六经皆先王之政典,所以六经皆史,亦即六经皆礼; 文由史出,故六经皆文; 易象包六艺,故六经皆象。"一阴一阳之谓道",六经皆器,皆为道之用。道不离器,器随历史而变,道也是不断完善的。即器以明道,六经显现的是古代先王之道,应当贯通一体来认识,方可得古代道术之全; 而后世欲明治道,也要本此贯通精神来随时撰述以究大道,方为史学明道经世之学术目的与精神之所在。