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111.
The effects of generative processing on false recognition and recall were examined in four experiments using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995). In each experiment, a Generate condition in which subjects generated studied words from audio anagrams was compared to a Control condition in which subjects simply listened to studied words presented normally. Rates of false recognition and false recall were lower for critical lures associated with generated lists, than for critical lures associated with control lists, but only in between-subjects designs. False recall and recognition did not differ when generate and control conditions were manipulated within-subjects. This pattern of results is consistent with the distinctiveness heuristic (Schacter, Israel, & Racine, 1999), a metamemorial decision-based strategy whereby global changes in decision criteria lead to reductions of false memories. This retrieval-based monitoring mechanism appears to operate in a similar fashion in reducing false recognition and false recall. 相似文献
112.
Alana M. Campbell Deana B. Davalos David P. McCabe Lucy J. Troup 《Personality and individual differences》2011,51(6):720-725
Executive functions and extraversion have been linked to similar neurological substrates. Participants were tested on a variety of tasks that assessed performance on three components of executive functioning (i.e., shifting, updating, and inhibition) and two measures of extraversion (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised and Carver and White’s BIS/BAS scales). More extraverted participants showed different patterns of executive function performance than the more introverted participants. Extraverts performed best on more difficult tasks and on updating tasks. Conversely, introverts performed best on set shifting tasks. These results suggest that executive functioning strengths differ based on degree of extraversion. 相似文献
113.
Dual-process theories of retrieval suggest that controlled and automatic processing contribute to memory performance. Free
recall tests are often considered pure measures of recollection, assessing only the controlled process. We report two experiments
demonstrating that automatic processes also influence free recall. Experiment 1 used inclusion and exclusion tasks to estimate
recollection and automaticity in free recall, adopting a new variant of the process dissociation procedure. Dividing attention
during study selectively reduced the recollection estimate but did not affect the automatic component. In Experiment 2, we
replicated the results of Experiment 1, and subjects additionally reported remember–know–guess judgments during recall in
the inclusion condition. In the latter task, dividing attention during study reduced remember judgments for studied items,
but know responses were unaffected. Results from both methods indicated that free recall is partly driven by automatic processes.
Thus, we conclude that retrieval in free recall tests is not driven solely by conscious recollection (or remembering) but
also by automatic influences of the same sort believed to drive priming on implicit memory tests. Sometimes items come to
mind without volition in free recall. 相似文献
114.
Soderstrom NC McCabe DP 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2011,37(5):1236-1242
Two experiments are reported examining how value and relatedness interact to influence metacognitive monitoring and control processes. Participants studied unrelated and related word pairs, each accompanied by point values denoting how important the items were to remember. These values were presented either before or after each pair in a between-subjects design, and participants made item-by-item judgments of learning (JOLs) predicting the likelihood that each item would be remembered later. Results from Experiment 1 showed that participants used value and relatedness as cues to inform their JOLs. Interestingly, JOLs increased as a function of value even in the after condition in which value had no impact on cued recall. Participants in Experiment 2 were permitted to control study time for each item. Results showed that value and relatedness were simultaneously considered when allocating study time. These results support a cue-weighting process in which JOLs and study time allocation are based on multiple cues, which may or may not be predictive of future memory performance, and complements the agenda-based regulation model of study time (Ariel, Dunlosky, & Bailey, 2009) by providing evidence for agenda-based monitoring. 相似文献
115.
Miskovic V Moscovitch DA Santesso DL McCabe RE Antony MM Schmidt LA 《Psychological science》2011,22(4):507-516
Coupling between EEG delta and beta oscillations is enhanced among anxious and healthy individuals during anticipatory anxiety. EEG coupling patterns associated with psychotherapy have not yet been quantified in socially anxious individuals. In this study, we used a double baseline, repeated measures design, in which 25 adults with a principal diagnosis of social anxiety disorder completed 12 weekly sessions of standardized group cognitive behavioral therapy and four EEG assessments: two at pretreatment, one at midtreatment, and one at posttreatment. Treatment was associated with reductions in symptom severity across multiple measures and informants, as well as reductions in delta-beta coupling at rest and during speech anticipation. Moreover, the clinical group exhibited greater coupling at pretreatment than did post hoc control participants with low social anxiety. The EEG cross-frequency profiles in the clinical group normalized by the posttreatment assessment. These findings provide evidence of concomitant improvement in neural and behavioral functioning among socially anxious adults undergoing psychotherapy. 相似文献
116.
Anne M. Cleary Kristen E. Konkel Jason S. Nomi David P. McCabe 《Memory & cognition》2010,38(4):452-460
Odors are notoriously difficult to identify, yet an odor can often lead to a sense of recognition, despite an inability to
identify it. In the present study, we examined this phenomenon using the recognition-withoutidentification paradigm. Participants
studied either odor names alone or odor names that were accompanied by scratch-and-sniff stickers containing their corresponding
scents. At test, the participants were presented with blank scratch-and-sniff stickers, half of which corresponded to items
that were studied and half of which did not. The participants attempted to identify each test odor, as well as to rate the
likelihood that it corresponded to a studied item. In addition, the participants indicated whether they were in a tip-of-the-tongue
(TOT) state for a given odor’s name. Odor recognition without identification was found, but only when the participants had
actually smelled the test odor at study; it was not found when the participants only studied odor names and were then tested
with odors, suggesting that this effect is an episode-specific, perceptually driven phenomenon. Despite this difference, an
overall TOT-attribution effect, whereby recognition ratings were higher during TOT states than during non-TOT states, was
shown across conditions. 相似文献
117.
Marita McCabe 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(4):367-377
The current study was designed to examine the role of coping strategies on quality of life (QOL) of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) over a period of 12 months. Respondents were 321 people with MS and 239 people from the general population who completed measures of QOL on two occasions, 12 months apart. People with MS also completed measures of how they coped with their illness. The results demonstrated that people with MS experienced lower levels of QOL at both points in time. For people with MS, QOL domains strongly predicted other QOL domains at both time 1 and time 2. The coping strategies of social support, focusing on the positive and wishful thinking were consistent predictors of physical QOL, psychological QOL, social QOL and environmental QOL. These findings indicate that coping strategies play an important role in predicting the QOL of people with MS. 相似文献
118.
Lauren K. Williams Lina A. Ricciardelli Marita P. McCabe Boyd A. Swinburn Gade G. Waqa Kelera Bavadra 《Sex roles》2006,55(7-8):555-566
Australian and Fijian adolescent girls reported on the influence that sociocultural factors, including parents, peers, and
the media, had on their body image attitudes. It was expected that messages that promote a thin body would be less prevalent
among Fijians, as their cultural traditions place more importance on robust body sizes. An inductive thematic analysis of
the girls’ semi-structured interviews indicated that both Fijian (n = 16) and Australian (n = 16) girls (aged 13–17) reported messages from similar sources, which included parents, siblings, and friends/peers. Australian
girls consistently reported messages that reinforced thinness. On the other hand, Fijian girls reported messages that emphasized
both thinness and robustness. The discussion focuses on the conflict between Western ideals and cultural Fijian traditions
and the implications for culturally sensitive interventions. 相似文献
119.
120.