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101.
The purpose of this study was to provide quantitative data about changes in coordination after practicing a racquetball forehand drive serve. Novice women (N = 10) were videotaped before and after 10 min. of practicing a racquetball forehand drive serve on Day 1, and after 10-min. practice sessions on consecutive Days 2 through 5. The PEAK5 Motion Measurement System was used to evaluate the following dependent variables: (a) range of motion of the wrist, elbow, upper torso, and pelvis from backswing to ball contact: (b) racket head velocity at ball contact; and (c) coordination. Coordination was evaluated based on analysis of the angular velocity graphs of each performance to assess sequencing and timing of the segmental contributions. Shared positive contribution was assessed between adjacent 2-segment combinations: pelvis-torso and elbow-wrist. A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated racket velocity, pelvic rotation, and upper torso rotation significantly increased over the 5 days of practice. Although participants increased their pelvic and torso ranges of motion and racket velocity, improvement in coordination was not documented. 相似文献
102.
The study was conducted to examine the impact of sociocultural influences and the moderating role of self-esteem and negative affect on body dissatisfaction and body change strategies for both adolescent boys and girls. Surveys designed to assess body dissatisfaction, body change strategies to decrease weight and increase muscles, perceived sociocultural pressures to lose weight and increase muscles, self-esteem and negative affect were administered to 587 boys and 598 girls aged between 11 and 15 years. The majority of respondents were from Anglo-Australian backgrounds (83%) with the remainder being from Asian and European non-English-speaking backgrounds. The sociocultural influences were found to significantly predict body dissatisfaction and body change strategies for both boys and girls. However, in the case of boys, self-esteem was found to moderate the impact of the sociocultural influences in predicting body change strategies. It was primarily the boys with low self-esteem who were more affected by the sociocultural pressures whereas the girls were affected independently of their self-esteem. Negative affect was also found to play a moderating role on some of the sociocultural influences in predicting strategies to increase muscles. Both boys and girls with higher levels of negative affect were more likely to be affected by sociocultural messages directed at increasing muscles. The results from the present study demonstrate that as well as examining the direct influence of sociocultural pressures, it is also important to examine how these may be moderated by self-esteem and negative affect. 相似文献
103.
Cognitive-behavioral stress management increases free testosterone and decreases psychological distress in HIV-seropositive men. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
D G Cruess M H Antoni N Schneiderman G Ironson P McCabe J B Fernandez S E Cruess N Klimas M Kumar 《Health psychology》2000,19(1):12-20
The effects of a 10-week group-based cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention on psychological distress and plasma free testosterone in symptomatic, HIV-seropositive men were examined. Participants were randomized to either CBSM (n = 42) or a wait-list control group (n = 23). Men in the CBSM intervention showed significant increases in testosterone, whereas control participants showed significant decreases. Those participating in CBSM had significant distress reductions, whereas controls showed no such change. Alterations in free testosterone were inversely related to changes in distress states over time, independent of any changes in cortisol. These findings demonstrate that a short-term CBSM intervention increases free testosterone levels among symptomatic, HIV-seropositive men, and alterations in free testosterone are associated with changes in psychological distress observed during CBSM. 相似文献
104.
The Relation Between Familial Factors and the Future Orientation of Urban, African American Sixth Graders 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
This study examined the relations between familial and environmental factors and five dimensions of future orientation in a sample of urban, African American early adolescents from low-income families. A new multidimensional interview measure, the Future Orientation Interview, was designed for this study to expand on available measures. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine the unique contribution of each familial and environmental factor to each dimension of future orientation. The independent variables significantly predicted three of the five dimensions of future orientation: salience, detail, and control beliefs. The pattern of significance varied for each dimension of future orientation, with mother involvement, kinship social support, and socialization of future orientation emerging as important predictors of various dimensions of future orientation. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical issues related to future orientation and implications for intervention. 相似文献
105.
Anne M. Cleary Kristen E. Konkel Jason S. Nomi David P. McCabe 《Memory & cognition》2010,38(4):452-460
Odors are notoriously difficult to identify, yet an odor can often lead to a sense of recognition, despite an inability to
identify it. In the present study, we examined this phenomenon using the recognition-withoutidentification paradigm. Participants
studied either odor names alone or odor names that were accompanied by scratch-and-sniff stickers containing their corresponding
scents. At test, the participants were presented with blank scratch-and-sniff stickers, half of which corresponded to items
that were studied and half of which did not. The participants attempted to identify each test odor, as well as to rate the
likelihood that it corresponded to a studied item. In addition, the participants indicated whether they were in a tip-of-the-tongue
(TOT) state for a given odor’s name. Odor recognition without identification was found, but only when the participants had
actually smelled the test odor at study; it was not found when the participants only studied odor names and were then tested
with odors, suggesting that this effect is an episode-specific, perceptually driven phenomenon. Despite this difference, an
overall TOT-attribution effect, whereby recognition ratings were higher during TOT states than during non-TOT states, was
shown across conditions. 相似文献
106.
Lauren K. Williams Lina A. Ricciardelli Marita P. McCabe Boyd A. Swinburn Gade G. Waqa Kelera Bavadra 《Sex roles》2006,55(7-8):555-566
Australian and Fijian adolescent girls reported on the influence that sociocultural factors, including parents, peers, and
the media, had on their body image attitudes. It was expected that messages that promote a thin body would be less prevalent
among Fijians, as their cultural traditions place more importance on robust body sizes. An inductive thematic analysis of
the girls’ semi-structured interviews indicated that both Fijian (n = 16) and Australian (n = 16) girls (aged 13–17) reported messages from similar sources, which included parents, siblings, and friends/peers. Australian
girls consistently reported messages that reinforced thinness. On the other hand, Fijian girls reported messages that emphasized
both thinness and robustness. The discussion focuses on the conflict between Western ideals and cultural Fijian traditions
and the implications for culturally sensitive interventions. 相似文献
107.
Marita McCabe 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(4):367-377
The current study was designed to examine the role of coping strategies on quality of life (QOL) of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) over a period of 12 months. Respondents were 321 people with MS and 239 people from the general population who completed measures of QOL on two occasions, 12 months apart. People with MS also completed measures of how they coped with their illness. The results demonstrated that people with MS experienced lower levels of QOL at both points in time. For people with MS, QOL domains strongly predicted other QOL domains at both time 1 and time 2. The coping strategies of social support, focusing on the positive and wishful thinking were consistent predictors of physical QOL, psychological QOL, social QOL and environmental QOL. These findings indicate that coping strategies play an important role in predicting the QOL of people with MS. 相似文献
108.
Although feminists often examine the ways reproduction shapes women’s lives, such research typically only focuses on the effects of reproduction after the fact while leaving reproductive decision-making beforehand unexplored. In the present article, we flip this pattern by outlining the “vocabularies of motive” (Mills 1940) cisgender women offer for wanting to engage in or abstain from reproduction. Based on in-depth interviews with 20 class-privileged, cisgender U.S. women in college who possess the resources to forego reproduction, we analyze how they define their reproductive intentions as (a) conforming to social expectations, (b) seeking fulfillment, (c) replicating past experience, and/or (d) rejecting reproduction and parenting. Further, we compare and contrast the reproductive vocabularies of motive offered by heterosexual and bisexual as well as religious and nonreligious cisgender women in our sample. In conclusion, we draw out implications for understanding women’s reproductive decision-making and the social construction of reproductive norms. 相似文献
109.
Researchers have postulated that deficits in cognitive control are associated with, and thus may underlie, the perseverative thinking that characterises generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). We examined associations between cognitive control and levels of spontaneous state rumination following a stressor in a sample of healthy control participants (CTL; n?=?27) and participants with GAD (n?=?21). We assessed cognitive control by measuring working memory capacity (WMC), defined as the ability to maintain task-relevant information by ignoring task-irrelevant information. To this end, we used an affective version of the reading span task with valenced (negative or neutral) distractors. Lower WMC in the presence of negative distractors was associated with greater state rumination in the GAD group, but not in the CTL group. These findings suggest that difficulty maintaining task-relevant information due to interference from negative distractors contributes to perseverative thinking in GAD. 相似文献
110.