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321.
This article begins with reviews of parallel processing models in the areas of visual perception and memory, pointing out
kinds of information purported to be processed in each, and the overlap in the physiological substrates involved. Next, some
pertinent literature having to do with the linkage between perception and memory is reviewed (e.g., visual memory for what
or where), concluding that there exists a serious lack of research and knowledge of how different perceptual processes may
lead to facilitated, distorted or impaired memory in different forms of storage. Some possible scenarios are presented concerning
how perceptual information might be interfaced with memorial mechanisms, and some working hypotheses are considered. Finally,
a new paradigm is outlined that examines the linkage between local and global perceptual processing and explicit and implicit
learning. This paradigm combines the global precedence paradigm of Navon (1977; 1981) and the sequence learning paradigm of
Nissen and Bullemer (1987). Convincing arguments indicate that global stimuli are mediated more quickly via one perceptual
stream (the M-cell pathway), but can be processed more slowly by another (the P-cell system). Local aspects of the stimuli
are exclusively mediated by the P-cell system. The results of two experiments employing iterations of stimulus sequence, in
which sequence learning is possible and measurable in terms of reaction time changes over trials are presented. The second
experiment indicates that information thought to be mediated by the M-cell pathway results in incidental sequential learning,
while other information thought to be mediated by the P-cell pathway does not. Spatial filtering of the visual stimuli reveals
that low spatial frequencies are necessary for sequence learning to occur. The issue of whether this learning is implicit
or explicit is also discussed. Ideas for future research, exploring this new area of interest, are proposed. Current knowledge
of perceptual and memorial deficits in special populations are considered in an attempt to identify new areas of investigation. 相似文献
322.
Michael E. May Ashley M. Shayter Ayla Schmick Becky Barron Meghan Doherty Matthew Johnson 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2018,51(3):571-589
Law enforcement agencies stress that public reporting of terror‐related crime is the predominant means for disrupting these actions. However, schools may be unprepared because the majority of the populace may not understand the threat of suspicious materials or what to do when they are found on school grounds. The purpose of this study was to systematically teach preschool children to identify and report suspicious packages across three experiments. In the first experiment, we used multiple exemplar training to teach children to identify the characteristics of safe and unsafe packages. In the second experiment, we taught participants to identify the locations where packages should be considered unsafe. Finally, in the third experiment, we used behavioral skills training to teach participants to avoid touching unsafe packages, leave the area where they were located, and report their discovery to an adult. Results suggest the participants quickly developed these skills. Implications for safety skills in young school children are discussed. 相似文献
323.
Ming Cui Carol A. Darling Mallory Lucier-Greer Frank D. Fincham Ross W. May 《Journal of child and family studies》2018,27(8):2456-2466
Research on indulgent parenting and its relation to college students is both limited and inconsistent. Further, all the studies have used a variable-centered approach. To fill the gap in the current literature, the aims of this study were to explore profiles of parental indulgence and their associations with college students’ emotional and behavioral problems. The sample in this study consisted of college students from two universities. Participants were asked to take an online survey about their perceptions of their parents’ indulgent parenting practice and their own well-being. Results from latent profile analyses suggested distinct profiles of parental indulgence for mothers and fathers. Further, these profiles demonstrated differential associations with college students’ anxiety and depressive symptoms, emotional dysregulation, and alcohol use. Implications were also noted. 相似文献
324.
Economic implications of access to daylight and views in office buildings from improved productivity
Piers MacNaughton May Woo Brandon Tinianov Mohamed Boubekri Usha Satish 《Journal of applied social psychology》2021,51(12):1176-1183
Previous research has found significant impacts of daylight and views on the cognitive function of office workers. In this study, we use scores on decision-making performance to estimate the annual economic potential of optimizing daylighting and views in U.S. offices. Cognitive scores were compared against over 100,000 previous test scores to obtain the distributional shift in cognitive performance when working in an office with optimized daylighting and views as opposed to an office with traditional blinds. These changes in performance were then compared to compensation data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Office workers shifted on average from the 52nd percentile to 65th percentile, equivalent to a $11,809 difference in salary per person per year. When conservatively accounting for the number of employees working within 15 ft of a window with blinds, optimizing daylight and views in U.S. offices has the potential to generate $352B ($240B–$464B), or 1.7% of the 2018 U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), in additional productivity. These findings suggest that building developers, architects and tenants should give additional attention to daylight design and façade technology as they consider new building construction, renovation and leasing options. 相似文献
325.
Over the last decade, researchers have conducted a significant amount of research to explore the causes and consequences of cyberbullying, where individuals use the Internet in order to send harmful and aggressive messages. Using a sample of middle and high school students in Kentucky, the current study utilized low self-control and social learning theories in an attempt to further understand why adolescents engage in cyberbullying. The binary logistic regression results suggested that components of social learning theory mediated the effect of low-self-control. The implications of this study for both criminological theory and cyberbullying research are discussed in detail. 相似文献
326.
Thomas May Kimberly A. Strong Kaija L. Zusevics Jessica Jeruzal Michael H. Farrell Alison LaPean Kirschner 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2016,16(12):33-38
Many adoptees face a number of challenges relating to separation from biological parents during the adoption process, including issues concerning identity, intimacy, attachment, and trust, as well as (for older adopted children) language and other cultural challenges. One common health challenge faced by adoptees involves lack of access to genetic-relative family health history (GRFHx). Lack of GRFHx represents a disadvantage due to a reduced capacity to identify diseases and recommend appropriate screening for conditions for which the adopted person may be at increased risk. In this article, we draw out common features of traditionally understood “health disparities” in order to identify analogous features in the context of adoptees’ lack of GRFHx. 相似文献
327.
Junhyoung Kim May Kim Eileen MaloneBeach Areum Han 《Applied research in quality of life》2016,11(3):791-804
Leisure studies provide evidence that leisure engagement serves as a vehicle for improving life satisfaction among individuals with a physical disability. However, a dearth of research addresses which types of leisure activities are associated with specific psychological benefits. This study sought to capture three aspects of psychological benefits: acceptance of disability, life satisfaction, and health perception, and to explore how leisure activities are related to these psychological benefits. Using data released from the 2011 Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled in Korea, this study found that individuals with a physical disability who participate in social activity, religious activity, and Internet use reported high health perception, life satisfaction, and disability acceptance. In particular, findings of this study provide evidence that social activity participation plays an important role in increasing health benefits among individuals with a physical disability. 相似文献
328.
Gutierrez Brenda C. Halim May Ling D. Martinez M. Anais Arredondo Maria 《Sex roles》2020,82(9-10):558-569
Sex Roles - Gender-stereotypical attitudes that males should be the protectors and that females need special care as the more delicate gender may reflect foundational components of benevolent... 相似文献
329.
Medical malpractice, mistake prevention, and compensation. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Clinicians' fear of malpractice litigation is the most significant obstacle to the open reporting of medical mistakes. Without open reporting of medical mistakes, however, root cause analysis of mistakes cannot be done, thus undermining efforts to implement safeguards to minimize the occurrence of future mistakes. Efforts to prevent medical mistakes, therefore, must first directly address clinicians' fear of malpractice litigation. In this paper, we explore the relationship between the current malpractice system and clinicians' fear of litigation. Ultimately, we argue that both the prevention of medical mistakes and the goals of malpractice litigation itself will be better served if substantial malpractice reform is undertaken. 相似文献
330.