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141.
142.
Previous research indicates that antecedent stress is associated with increased alcohol consumption. The present study examined the influence of different treatments following threatened exposure to a public speaking situation on both drinking style measures and amount consumed in an ad lib drinking assessment session. The treatments included relaxation instructions, a sensitization or stress-enhancing treatment, and an attention-refocusing or neutral control. Significant differences in poststress drinking rates and amount consumed between the stress-relaxation and stress-sensitization groups were found. The data indicate that relaxation is an effective procedure for attenuating the impact of stress on quantity and style of drinking. 相似文献
143.
Roland K. Yoshida Kathleen S. Fenton James P. Maxwell Martin J. Kaufman 《Journal of School Psychology》1978,16(2):177-183
Due process provisions are intended to insure that special education placement and programming decisions are fair. However, educators should address the issue of whether those decisions are properly implemented. This paper explores how placement decisions are communicated to the teachers and support personnel who are responsible for implementing students' special education programs. The communication network used by planning teams was characterized as informal; most information was communicated orally by many different planning team members. The results were discussed in the context of whether the messages provided to program implementers were consistent and clear. 相似文献
144.
Patrick Maxwell 《Religion》2002,32(4):343
This article explores the notion of ‘virtual religion’ in various ways. In part, it is a response to a number of ideas found in the articles by Philip P. Arnold, Shawn Arthur, Christopher Helland, Anastasia Karaflogka and Mark MacWilliams which appear in this issue of Religion, but it also discusses religion in online contexts in relation to various important themes such as the character of cyberspace both present and future, the multimedia Web and its alleged postmodern orientations, virtual identity, the dynamics of virtual community, and the controversies concerning the positive and negative ramifications of online life and experience, as discussed by technomystics, technophobes and others who hold more moderate views. The article ends by raising some questions about the future character of religion and spirituality in cyberspace. 相似文献
145.
The cost-effectiveness of the implicit (procedural) knowledge that supports motor expertise enables surprisingly efficient performance when a decision and an action must occur in close temporal proximity. The authors argue that if novices learn the motor component of performance implicitly rather than explicitly, then they will also be efficient when they make a decision and execute an action in close temporal proximity. Participants (N = 35) learned a table tennis shot implicitly or explicitly. The authors assessed participants' motor performance and movement kinematics under conditions that required a concurrent low-complexity decision or a concurrent high-complexity decision about where to direct each shot. Performance was disrupted only for participants who learned explicitly when they made high-complexity decisions but not when they made low-complexity decisions. The authors conclude that implicit motor learning encourages cognitively efficient motor control more than does explicit motor learning, which allows performance to remain stable when time constraints call for a complex decision in tandem with a motor action. 相似文献
146.
Katy Greenland Jonathan Scourfield Nina Maxwell Lindsay Prior Jane Scourfield 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(9):2045-2068
The Distress Disclosure Index ( Kahn & Hessling, 2001 ) measures the tendency to disclose psychological distress and is important in understanding psychological well‐being, interpersonal relationships, and help seeking. This paper used the disclosure decision model ( Omarzu, 2000 ) to explore the theoretical antecedents of distress disclosure. Results of a community‐based survey of 17–18‐year‐olds in South Wales (United Kingdom), suggesting that private self‐consciousness, social support, and femininity were associated with higher distress disclosure. Shame was associated with lower distress disclosure. Moderating effects of gender and gender identity were also explored. Social support and femininity both interacted with gender to predict distress disclosure. The results suggest a number of interventions to increase distress disclosure in young men and women. 相似文献
147.
Nicholas Maxwell 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2009,40(1):103-114
For over 30 years I have argued that we need to construe science as accepting a metaphysical proposition concerning the comprehensibility
of the universe. In a recent paper, Fred Muller criticizes this argument, and its implication that Bas van Fraassen’s constructive
empiricism is untenable. In the present paper I argue that Muller’s criticisms are not valid. The issue is of some importance,
for my argument that science accepts a metaphysical proposition is the first step in a broader argument intended to demonstrate
that we need to bring about a revolution in science, and ultimately in academic inquiry as a whole so that the basic aim becomes
wisdom and not just knowledge. 相似文献
148.
To emote literally means to move or prepare for action. A large body of research indicates that flexor and extensor movements are conditionally associated with approach- and avoidance-related motivations. It has also been widely argued that approach and avoidant motivations are asymmetrically instantiated in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. Nevertheless, to date, these literatures remain largely separate. In the present investigation, flexor and extensor movements that were visuospatially contextualized as being directed toward the self and away from the self were observed to be asymmetrically represented in the "approach" and "avoidance" hemispheres. Moreover, this pattern of hemispheric specialization was manifested to a greater degree the higher participants' self-reported level of daily positive affect and the lower their self-reported level of dispositional anxiety. Collectively, these findings have direct implications for models of embodied emotional and perceptual processing, as well as for investigations of individual differences in emotional disposition. 相似文献
149.
Once a Utilitarian,Consistently a Utilitarian? Examining Principledness in Moral Judgment via the Robustness of Individual Differences 下载免费PDF全文
Erik G. Helzer William Fleeson R. Michael Furr Peter Meindl Maxwell Barranti 《Journal of personality》2017,85(4):505-517
Although individual differences in the application of moral principles, such as utilitarianism, have been documented, so too have powerful context effects—effects that raise doubts about the durability of people's moral principles. In this article, we examine the robustness of individual differences in moral judgment by examining them across time and across different decision contexts. In Study 1, consistency in utilitarian judgment of 122 adult participants was examined over two different survey sessions. In Studies 2A and 2B, large samples (Ns = 130 and 327, respectively) of adult participants made a series of 32 moral judgments across eight different contexts that are known to affect utilitarian endorsement. Contrary to some contemporary theorizing, our results reveal a strong degree of consistency in moral judgment. Across time and experimental manipulations of context, individuals maintained their relative standing on utilitarianism, and aggregated moral decisions reached levels of near‐perfect consistency. Results support the view that on at least one dimension (utilitarianism), people's moral judgments are robustly consistent, with context effects tailoring the application of principles to the particulars of any given moral judgment. 相似文献
150.
Andrew S. Brimhall Bobbi J. Miller Kelly A. Maxwell Asmaa M. Alotaiby 《Journal of couple & relationship therapy》2017,16(1):42-60
For couples experiencing infidelity, technology can be either a source of comfort or a constant threat. Technology has created an atmosphere where individuals have access to more people, in more ways, and at more times than ever before. While this accessibility has increased partners' ability to connect with each other, it has also increased opportunities for infidelity and makes it easier to maintain an affair. From an attachment perspective, infidelity can lead to heightened sensitivities that alter how an individual experiences the availability, responsiveness, and engagement of their partner. Everyday interactions like text messages, phone calls, and computer use become potential threats that compromise the safety of the relationship. Using an extensive clinical vignette, this article highlights the systemic relationship between technology, attachment, and infidelity and provides clinicians with a framework to use when helping couples heal post affair. 相似文献