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51.
Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences - 相似文献
52.
Data from 301 middle-age couples were employed to investigate links between their recalled parents’ parenting styles and perceptions
of reciprocity with their parents, as well as their current perceptions of spousal reciprocity, on their psychological distress.
The research extends Baumrind’s theory of childhood parenting styles and Youniss’ theory of late adolescents’ perceived reciprocity
to a developmental model for middle-age psychological distress. Differential effects were found according to the gender of
both the offspring and the parent. There were significant positive findings only if the opposite-sex parent was perceived
as authoritative, and significant negative findings if the same-sex parent was perceived as authoritarian. Regression models
indicated mediated, integrated relationships (through maternal and spousal reciprocity) for females, but no mediations were
found for males. Significantly more variance in emotional distress was explained by spousal reciprocity than by the parent
related variables, and for the men than for the women. 相似文献
53.
54.
In this study, the authors prospectively evaluated the impact of a smoking lapse on relapse probability. After 4 days of smoking abstinence, 60 smokers were randomly assigned to smoke 5 nicotine-containing or 5 denicotinized cigarettes, or to remain abstinent (no lapse) during a 4-hr time period. Afterward, smoking abstinence was encouraged with monetary incentives, and smoking behavior was tracked for 6 days. Relative to the no-lapse condition, exposure to either of the cigarette types more than doubled the probability of subsequent smoking. Smoking outcomes did not differ between nicotine-containing and denicotinized cigarettes. The data suggest that stimulus factors may play an important role in lapse to relapse processes. 相似文献
55.
Frank Baker Maxine Denniston James R. Zabora D. Marcellus 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2003,10(1):27-34
This study was conducted to develop an objective problems-in-living scale to identify the needs of cancer survivors after a demanding treatment such as bone marrow transplantation (BMT). A total of 99 adult BMT survivors completed questionnaires containing the 29 items included in the Cancer Problems-In-Living Scale (CPILS). These BMT survivors were most concerned about return of their illness or relapsing, the future, fatigue, not physically being able to have sexual intercourse, changes in their physical appearance, being concerned about infection and crowds, difficulty in obtaining adequate insurance, losing health insurance by changing jobs, and difficulty in meeting medical expenses. The CPILS showed a good level of internal consistency ( = .91). The hypothesis that BMT survivors who had lower levels of physical functioning would experience more problems with living was supported by correlation (.48, p < .001) of the CPILS with the Self-Rated Karnofsky Performance Scale. The construct validity of the CPILS was further supported by a significant negative correlation (–.66, p < .002) with the scores of BMT survivors on a quality-of-life measure, the Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale for BMT. 相似文献
56.
Traditional views of the possibilities of counselling at a distance, mediated by telecommunications technology, are challenged. The current status of telephone counselling is reviewed- it is proposed that the telephone is a vibrant innovative medium for therapeutic work. Computer involvement in therapeutic work is defined, and the issues confronting computer-mediated therapy are contrasted with developments in computer-supported co-operative work. It is concluded that active collaboration between therapists, social scientists and computer scientists is required to develop therapy-specific computer applications to mediate in therapy-at-a-distance. 相似文献
57.
Maxine L. Reiss William D. Piotrowski Jon S. Bailey 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1976,9(4):387-397
The present study examined the effectiveness and cost efficiency of three different techniques to encourage low-income rural parents to seek dental care for their children. The families of 51 children who needed immediate dental care (determined by dental screening at a local school) were placed into three matched groups and randomly assigned to the treatment conditions: One Prompt (Note Only), Three Prompt (Note, Telephone Contact, Home Visit), and One Prompt plus $5 Incentive. The Three Prompt and One Prompt plus $5 Incentive were significantly more effective in initiating dental visits than the Note-Only procedure. Not only was the One Prompt plus $5 Incentive technique effective in producing a slightly larger percentage of initial dental visits compared to the Three-Prompt technique, it also produced a significantly larger number of followup visits. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness analysis showed the Incentive condition to be less costly than the Three-Prompt condition in encouraging initial dental visits. 相似文献
58.
A. J. Finch Jr. Maxine Doyle Wilkinson W. M. Nelson III L. E. Montgomery 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1975,3(1):49-52
In order to determine the relative effectiveness of verbal self-instructions and training to delay before responding in modifying an impulsive cognitive style, 15 impulsive emotionally disturbed boys were assigned to one of three groups. The cognitive-training group was given practice in verbal self-instructions, the delay-training group received practice in delaying before responding, and the control group received no training. Posttreatment scores on the Matching Familiar Figures Test showed a significant increase in latencies for both the cognitive and delay-training groups. However, only the cognitive-training group, which had recieved practice in verbal self-instructions, made fewer errors following training. Implications for future research and potential treatment strategies for verbal self-instructions are discussed. 相似文献
59.
David L. Robinson Richard J. Haier William Braden Maxine Krengel 《Personality and individual differences》1984,5(4):487-489
Previously we have reported significant correlations between EEG visual evoked potential (EP) parameters and scores on the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) test. This study is an attempt to replicate those findings in a new sample of 27 S s. The results provide further evidence that EP amplitude is related to intelligence-test performance. There is also confirmation that stimulus luminance levels influence the magnitude of EP amplitude/intelligence correlations. In addition, the results indicate that age may be a confounding variable. 相似文献
60.
Maxine Sheet-Johnstone 《Human Studies》2000,23(4):343-370
An ontogenetically-informed epistemology is necessary to understandings of apprenticeship learning. The methodology required in this enterprise is a constructive phenomenology, a phenomenology that takes into account the fact that as infants, we were apprentices of our own bodies: we all learned our bodies and learned to move ourselves. The major focus of this essay is on infant social relationships that develop on the ground of our original corporeal-kinetic apprenticeship. It shows how joint attention, imitation, and turn-taking - all richly examined areas in infant social development - are the foundation of apprenticeship learning in later adult life. The relationship between each infant capacity and later apprenticeship learning is demonstrated in examples from present-day research, specifically, research in the areas of medicine, sport, music, and tailoring, and research carried out by philosophers on apprenticeship learning. 相似文献