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31.
Computational accounts of reading aloud largely ignore context when stipulating how processing unfolds. One exception to this
state of affairs proposes adjusting the breadth of lexical knowledge in such models in response to differing contexts. Three
experiments and corresponding simulations, using Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon, and Ziegler’s (2001) dual-route cascaded model, are reported. This work investigates a determinant of when a pseudohomophone such as brane is affected by the frequency of the word from which it is derived (e.g., the base word frequency of brain) by examining performance under conditions where it is read aloud faster than a nonword control such as frane. Reynolds and Besner’s (2005a) lexical breadth account makes the novel prediction that when a pseudohomophone advantage is seen, there will also be a base
word frequency effect, provided exception words are also present. This prediction was confirmed. Five other accounts of this
pattern of results are considered and found wanting. It is concluded that the lexical breadth account provides the most parsimonious
account to date of these and related findings. 相似文献
32.
Spoth R Guyll M Redmond C Greenberg M Feinberg M 《American journal of community psychology》2011,48(3-4):412-425
There is a knowledge gap concerning how well community-based teams fare in implementing evidence-based interventions (EBIs) over many years, a gap that is important to fill because sustained high quality EBI implementation is essential to public health impact. The current study addresses this gap by evaluating data from PROSPER, a community-university intervention partnership model, in the context of a randomized-control trial of 28 communities. Specifically, it examines community teams' sustainability of implementation quality on a range of measures, for both family-focused and school-based EBIs. Average adherence ratings approached 90% for family-focused and school-based EBIs, across as many as 6 implementation cohorts. Additional indicators of implementation quality similarly showed consistently positive results. Correlations of the implementation quality outcomes with a number of characteristics of community teams and intervention leaders were calculated to explore their potential relevance to sustained implementation quality. Though several relationships attained statistical significance at particular points in time, none were stable across cohorts. The role of PROSPER's continuous, proactive technical assistance in producing the positive results is discussed. 相似文献
33.
Crystal L. Park Haikel Lim Max Newlon D. P. Suresh Deborah E. Bliss 《Journal of religion and health》2014,53(2):579-590
We examined relationships between seven dimensions of religion/spirituality (RS) (forgiveness, daily spiritual experiences, belief in afterlife, religious identity, religious support, public practices, and positive RS coping) and three dimensions of well-being (physical, mental, and existential) in a sample of 111 patients with advanced chronic heart failure. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and 3 months later. Results showed that fairly high levels of RS were reported on all seven dimensions. Furthermore, RS dimensions were differentially related to well-being. No aspect of RS was related to physical well-being, and only a few aspects were related to mental well-being. Forgiveness was related to less subsequent depression, while belief in afterlife was related to poorer mental health. All aspects of RS were related to at least one aspect of existential well-being. In particularly, daily spiritual experiences were linked with higher existential well-being and predicted less subsequent spiritual strain. These results are consistent with the view that in advanced disease, RS may not affect physical well-being but may have potent influences on other aspects of well-being, particularly existential aspects. 相似文献
34.
Laura A. Novak MS MPS Jessica M. LaCroix PhD Kanchana U. Perera MSc Max Stivers MA Natasha A. Schvey PhD Jeffrey L. Goodie PhD ABPP Cara Olsen PhD Tracy Sbrocco PhD David B. Goldston PhD Alyssa Soumoff MD Jennifer Weaver MD Marjan Ghahramanlou-Holloway PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2023,53(1):75-88
35.
A Computational Model of the Self‐Teaching Hypothesis Based on the Dual‐Route Cascaded Model of Reading 下载免费PDF全文
The self‐teaching hypothesis describes how children progress toward skilled sight‐word reading. It proposes that children do this via phonological recoding with assistance from contextual cues, to identify the target pronunciation for a novel letter string, and in so doing create an opportunity to self‐teach new orthographic knowledge. We present a new computational implementation of self‐teaching within the dual‐route cascaded (DRC) model of reading aloud, and we explore how decoding and contextual cues can work together to enable accurate self‐teaching under a variety of circumstances. The new model (ST‐DRC) uses DRC’s sublexical route and the interactivity between the lexical and sublexical routes to simulate phonological recoding. Known spoken words are activated in response to novel printed words, triggering an opportunity for orthographic learning, which is the basis for skilled sight‐word reading. ST‐DRC also includes new computational mechanisms for simulating how contextual information aids word identification, and it demonstrates how partial decoding and ambiguous context interact to achieve irregular‐word learning. Beyond modeling orthographic learning and self‐teaching, ST‐DRC’s performance suggests new avenues for empirical research on how difficult word classes such as homographs and potentiophones are learned. 相似文献
36.
37.
Annika?GieselmannEmail author Max?B?ckermann Reinhard?Pietrowsky 《Psychotherapeut》2015,60(5):433-440
Background
Internet-based health interventions can serve as a useful supplement to regular face-to-face therapy only if they are accepted by the clients.Objective
This aim of the current study was to examine the attitudes and opinions of potential users on internet-based health interventions in Germany. This information could make a useful contribution to the development and promotion of measures which target their requirements.Material and methods
To address this issue psychotherapy patients and persons on a waiting list for outpatient psychotherapy were interviewed about their attitudes towards internet-based interventions and compared with the results from a matched control group.Results
Compared with the control group, waiting list candidates in particular declared a reduced interest in engaging in internet-based interventions and both patient groups perceived few advantages. All groups appreciated the enhanced flexibility associated with internet-based interventions, but both patient groups thought that the increased anonymity and reduced inhibition threshold for seeking treatment were less advantageous than the control group. Compared to the controls, both patient groups worried more about privacy issues and a possible misinterpretation of their written statements. Both patient groups considered internet-based psychotherapy as conceivable for the treatment of fewer kinds of psychopathological symptoms than the control group. Patients considered that internet-based treatment of panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and generalized anxiety disorder was least imaginable although, to date, relatively many internet-based options are available for these disorders. There appears to be interest in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions through the internet.Conclusion
To address the reservations concerning privacy protection, paper and pencil registration procedures could be provided. In addition, by clearly emphasizing that there is the possibility of establishing personal contact to a therapist either face to face or by video conference, internet-based services could also be more useful in satisfying patient needs.38.
Max Deutsch 《Inquiry (Oslo, Norway)》2015,58(7-8):875-894
AbstractAvner Baz claims that questions philosophers ask about hypothetical cases lack the kind of ‘point’ possessed by ‘everyday’ questions. He concludes from this that there is something wrong with the philosophical practice of asking questions about hypothetical cases. This paper defends the practice from Baz’s criticism. 相似文献
39.
Philosophical Studies - Non-naturalist realists are committed to the belief, famously voiced by Parfit, that if there are no non-natural facts then nothing matters. But it is morally objectionable... 相似文献
40.