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401.
Max Siegel Professor of Education
Herbert W. Klein
Jerry Ritigstein
Teaching Assistant 《Journal of School Psychology》1969,7(4):45-46A questionnaire regarding criteria used in the selection of students for school psychologist There were 63 responses. Undergraduate scholastic index was the most frequently used criterion, followed by undergraduate psychology index, letters of recommendation, and GRE scores. The interview, used by half of those reporting, was not employed consistently. The MAT was used by less than half of the respondents, and ranked lower in importance. Most universities used four or five criteria for admission. No respondents required teaching experience. 相似文献
402.
Sex of leader and subordinate role stress: A field study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This research examines the relationship between sex of leader and subordinate perceptions of two dimensions of role stress — role conflict and role ambiguity — as moderated by subordinate job level, age, and sex. Interaction effects for sex of leader also are investigated. Subjects are 184 supervisory and nonsupervisory employees of a psychiatric hospital. Results suggest that sex of leader does not significantly affect subordinate role conflict and role ambiguity. Most interactions were nonsignificant. 相似文献
403.
Four experiments are reported that examine the effects of homophony (e.g., SAIL/SALE) on response latency in a lexical decision task. The results indicated that an effect of homophony was evident only if the nonword distractors consisted of legal, pronounceable strings (e.g., SLINT), but that this effect disappeared if the nonwords sounded like English words (e.g., BRANE). An optional encoding strategy is proposed to account for this differential effect. It is suggested that while both graphemic and phonemic encoding occurred simultaneously, naive subjects tended to rely on the outcome of the phonological route. However, when such reliance produced a high error rate (i.e., when the nonwords sounded like English words),. these subjects were able to abandon a phonological strategy and rely on the graphemic encoding procedure instead. Two further aspects of the results are of interest. First, the less frequent member of a homophone pair was slower when compared with a control item if the nonword distractors were of the SLINT type, but not different if they were of the BRANE type. The high-frequency members did not differ from their controls in either nonword environment. Second, in a homophone “repetition” experiment, the frequency order of presentation within pairs of homophones (i.e., the high-frequency member followed by the low-frequency member, or vice versa) had a substantial effect. A spelling recheck procedure and a response-inhibitory mechanism are postulated to incorporate these effects into a dual-encoding direct-access model of word recognition. 相似文献
404.
An on-line reaction time program designed for psycholinguistics research implemented on a DEC PDP8/e minicomputer is described. Current applications include: phoneme monitor, click detection, lexical decision, and sentence verification experiments. This assembly language program (PAL8) displays alphanumeric texts on remoted oscilloscopes and records decision-dependent response times with 1-msec accuracy. The system allows for simultaneous testing of three subjects. It operates either according to internally generated timing or in synchrony with audio tape. Individuals with little or no computer background can develop and run experiments without difficulty. 相似文献
405.
Max D. Engelhart 《Psychometrika》1936,1(4):287-293
A derivation of equations fundamental to the technique of path coefficients is given. Suggestions are made with respect to the calculations required in the use of the technique. The relations of the technique to those of partial correlation, semi-partial correlation, part correlation, multiple correlation, and factor analysis are discussed. Some consideration is given to the merits and limitations of the technique of path coefficients. 相似文献
406.
407.
408.
Madon S Guyll M Buller AA Scherr KC Willard J Spoth R 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2008,95(2):369-384
This research examined whether self-fulfilling prophecy effects are mediated by self-verification, informational conformity, and modeling processes. The authors examined these mediational processes across multiple time frames with longitudinal data obtained from two samples of mother-child dyads (N-sub-1 = 486; N-sub-2 = 287), with children's alcohol use as the outcome variable. The results provided consistent support for the mediational process of self-verification. In both samples and across several years of adolescence, there was a significant indirect effect of mothers' beliefs on children's alcohol use through children's self-assessed likelihood of drinking alcohol in the future. Comparatively less support was found for informational conformity and modeling processes as mediators of mothers' self-fulfilling effects. The potential for self-fulfilling prophecies to produce long-lasting changes in targets' behavior via self-verification processes are discussed. 相似文献
409.
Max Kölbel 《Synthese》2009,166(2):375-395
The aim of this paper is to examine the kind of evidence that might be adduced in support of relativist semantics of a kind
that have recently been proposed for predicates of personal taste, for epistemic modals, for knowledge attributions and for
other cases. I shall concentrate on the case of taste predicates, but what I have to say is easily transposed to the other
cases just mentioned. I shall begin by considering in general the question of what kind of evidence can be offered in favour
of some semantic theory or framework of semantic theorizing. In other words, I shall begin with the difficult question of
the empirical significance of semantic theorizing. In Sect. 2, I outline a relativist semantic theory, and in Sect. 3, I review
four types of evidence that might be offered in favour of a relativistic framework. I show that the evidence is not conclusive
because a sophisticated form of contextualism (or indexical relativism) can stand up to the evidence. However, the evidence
can be taken to support the view that either relativism or the sophisticated form of contextualism is correct. 相似文献
410.
The impact of our desires and preferences upon our ordinary, everyday beliefs is well-documented [Gilovich, T. (1991). How we know what isn’t so: The fallibility of human reason in everyday life. New York: The Free Press.]. The influence of such motivational factors on delusions, which are instances of pathological misbelief, has tended however to be neglected by certain prevailing models of delusion formation and maintenance. This paper explores a distinction between two general classes of theoretical explanation for delusions; the motivational and the deficit. Motivational approaches view delusions as extreme instances of self-deception; as defensive attempts to relieve pain and distress. Deficit approaches, in contrast, view delusions as the consequence of defects in the normal functioning of belief mechanisms, underpinned by neuroanatomical or neurophysiological abnormalities. It is argued that although there are good reasons to be sceptical of motivational theories (particularly in their more floridly psychodynamic manifestations), recent experiments confirm that motives are important causal forces where delusions are concerned. It is therefore concluded that the most comprehensive account of delusions will involve a theoretical unification of both motivational and deficit approaches. 相似文献