The Hull-Leeper drive discrimination situation-a control experiment

An experiment was conducted testing the author's explanation of the discrepancy between results obtained by Hull and Leeper in a similar situation. Animals were run either hungry or thirsty to obtain the appropriate reward by making one response when hungry and another when thirsty. For all groups the reward was in the same goal-box. The first group (Leeper) had the goal-box divided with each side being accessible only if the animal had made the correct response initially. The second group (Hull) had the same goal-box for both rewards, but if the wrong path was taken the animal was prevented from reaching the goal by a block. The third group had the same goal-box for both rewards again, but the animal could reach the goal-box even if the wrong path was taken and discovered the unwanted reward in the goal-box. The results confirm the predictions made from the author's theory.     

Unique types of achievement test exercises

In this article are presented a number of unusual achievement test exercises of both the essay and the objective types. These exercises may suggest to others engaged in the construction of achievement tests certain forms which they may find useful either as models or as points of departure in the invention of new forms. The article also calls attention to certain problems which must be solved if achievement testing is to have a sound, scientific basis.