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141.
Dominguez FJ Lawrence C Halpern EF Drohan B Grinstein G Black DM Smith BL Gadd MA Specht M Kopans DB Moore RH Hughes SS Roche CA Hughes KS 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(3):341-345
The self-reporting of cancer history is becoming increasingly important, as it frequently guides medical decision-making.
We studied the accuracy of personal cancer history using a self-administered questionnaire, comparing the results with the
Tumor Registry at our institution. Among 39,662 records, we identified 3614 women with a single cancer in the Tumor Registry
who reported none or one cancer on their questionnaire. The sensitivity in self-reporting cancers was 85.7%, ranging from
92.1% for breast cancer to 42.9% for leukemia. The accuracy for breast cancer and Hodgkin's Lymphoma was significantly better
than other cancers (p=0.00027, CI: 1.4–3.88). Analysis of patient's characteristics showed that Caucasians reported breast cancer more accurately
than Asian/Pacific Islanders (p=0.008), and those with Jewish ancestry more accurately than non-Jewish (p=0.0435). These results will help us to improve data collection and thus improve medical decision-making. 相似文献
142.
Greve KW Springer S Bianchini KJ Black FW Heinly MT Love JM Swift DA Ciota MA 《Assessment》2007,14(1):12-21
This study examined the sensitivity and false-positive error rate of reliable digit span (RDS) and the WAIS-III Digit Span (DS) scaled score in persons alleging toxic exposure and determined whether error rates differed from published rates in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic pain (CP). Data were obtained from the files of 123 persons referred for neuropsychological evaluation related to alleged exposure to environmental and industrial substances. Malingering status was determined using the criteria of Slick, Sherman, and Iverson (1999). The sensitivity and specificity of RDS and DS in toxic exposure are consistent with those observed in TBI and CP. These findings support the use of these malingering indicators in cases of alleged toxic exposure and suggest that the classification accuracy data of indicators derived from studies of TBI patients may also be validly applied to cases of alleged toxic exposure. 相似文献
143.
Neeru Paharia Karim S. Kassam Joshua D. Greene Max H. Bazerman 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2009,109(2):134-141
When powerful people cause harm, they often do so indirectly through other people. Are harmful actions carried out through others evaluated less negatively than harmful actions carried out directly? Four experiments examine the moral psychology of indirect agency. Experiments 1A, 1B, and 1C reveal effects of indirect agency under conditions favoring intuitive judgment, but not reflective judgment, using a joint/separate evaluation paradigm. Experiment 2A demonstrates that effects of indirect agency cannot be fully explained by perceived lack of foreknowledge or control on the part of the primary agent. Experiment 2B indicates that reflective moral judgment is sensitive to indirect agency, but only to the extent that indirectness signals reduced foreknowledge and/or control. Experiment 3 indicates that effects of indirect agency result from a failure to automatically consider the potentially dubious motives of agents who cause harm indirectly. Experiment 4 demonstrates an effect of indirect agency on purchase intentions. 相似文献
144.
145.
Anne Castles Max Coltheart Jodie Valpied 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,104(1):68-88
Knowledge of letter-sound correspondences underpins successful reading acquisition, and yet little is known about how young children acquire this knowledge and what prior information they bring to the learning process. In this study, we used an experimental training design to examine whether either prior letter awareness or prior phonemic awareness directly assists preliterate children in subsequently learning letter-sound correspondences. Here 76 preschoolers received 6 weeks of training in either letter awareness, phonemic awareness, or control tasks and then received a further 6 weeks of training in either letter-sound correspondences or control tasks. There was limited evidence that prior training in either phoneme or letter awareness directly assisted learning of letter-sound correspondences, although phonemically trained children appeared to show some advantage on recognition tasks. Overall, the data suggest that there is little value in training preschoolers in either letter forms or sounds in isolation in advance of providing instruction on the links between the two. 相似文献
146.
Max Weisbuch Stacey A. Sinclair Collette P. Eccleston 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(1):143-148
The idea that self-esteem functions as a gauge or “sociometer” of social value [Leary, M. R., Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 1-62). San Diego: Academic Press] is supported by research on direct social feedback. To examine if the sociometer model is relevant to more subtle social value cues, the implicit self-esteem of women was assessed a week after an interaction with an experimenter. Consistent with the sociometer model, Week 2 self-esteem depended on a subtle social value cue encountered during Week 1. When the Week 1 experimenter wore a t-shirt celebrating larger bodies (i.e., “everyBODY is beautiful”), heavier women had higher self-esteem than lighter women in Week 2. As hypothesized, this effect was relationship-specific, occurring only when the same experimenter administered Week 1 and 2 sessions. 相似文献
147.
Limb apraxia is a neurological disorder of higher cognitive function characterized by an inability to perform purposeful skilled
movements and not attributable to an elementary sensorimotor dysfunction or comprehension difficulty. Corticobasal Syndrome
(CBS) is an akinetic rigid syndrome with asymmetric onset and progression with at least one basal ganglia feature (rigidity,
limb dystonia or myoclonus) and one cortical feature (limb apraxia, alien hand syndrome or cortical sensory loss). Even though
limb apraxia is highly prevalent in CBS (70–80%), very few studies have examined the performance of CBS patients on praxis
measures in detail. This review aims to (1) briefly summarize the clinical, neuroanatomical and pathological findings in CBS,
(2) briefly outline what limb apraxia is and how it is assessed, (3) to comprehensively review the literature on limb apraxia
in CBS to date and (4) to briefly summarize the literature on other forms of apraxia, such as limb-kinetic apraxia and buccofacial
apraxia. Overall, the goal of the review is to bring a model-based perspective to the findings available in the literature
to date on limb apraxia in CBS. 相似文献
148.
149.
The authors offer an integral approach to counseling ethics using K. Wilber's (2000a, 2000b) integral metatheory. The article examines traditional counseling ethics through the lens of K. Wilber's (2000a, 2000b) “all‐quadrants, all‐levels” model, consisting of quadrants, levels, lines, states, and types. The authors begin with the 4 quadrants and how they can inform understanding of traditional counseling ethics. Vertical development in relation to counseling ethics is addressed, followed by a case study of an ethical dilemma in counseling. The authors offer an integrally informed process of ethical decision making that can be seen to complement less comprehensive ethical decision‐making models. 相似文献
150.