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121.
Alina Liberman Mauro Manassi David Whitney 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2018,80(6):1461-1473
Individuals can quickly and effortlessly recognize facial expressions, which is critical for social perception and emotion regulation. This sensitivity to even slight facial changes could result in unstable percepts of an individual’s expression over time. The visual system must therefore balance accuracy with maintaining perceptual stability. However, previous research has focused on our sensitivity to changing expressions, and the mechanism behind expression stability remains an open question. Recent results demonstrate that perception of facial identity is systematically biased toward recently seen visual input. This positive perceptual pull, or serial dependence, may help stabilize perceived expression. To test this, observers judged random facial expression morphs ranging from happy to sad to angry. We found a pull in perceived expression toward previously seen expressions, but only when the 1-back and current face had similar identities. Our results are consistent with the existence of the continuity field for expression, a specialized mechanism that promotes the stability of emotion perception, which could help facilitate social interactions and emotion regulation. 相似文献
122.
Mauro Luiz Engelmann 《Philosophical Investigations》2018,41(4):446-470
I aim to present a solution to the apparent paradox of the Tractatus by means of a minimalist reading grounded in the idea that the correct logical symbolism alone “finally solves” in essentials the philosophical problems. I argue that although the sentences of the Tractatus are nonsensical, rules presented in its symbolism are not. The symbolism itself expresses only a priori rules of logic through schematic variables that do not say anything. I argue that this reading correctly expresses the ladder structure of the book, and that it can account for Wittgenstein's critique of the Tractatus in Some Remarks on Logical Form. 相似文献
123.
Carsten K.W. De Dreu Mauro Giacomantonio Daniel Sligte 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(3):542-548
Difficult issues in negotiation act as interfering forces but their effects on negotiation processes and outcomes are unclear. Perhaps facing such obstacles leads individuals to take a step back, attend to the big picture and, therefore, to be able to craft creative, mutually beneficial solutions. Alternatively, facing obstacles may lead negotiators to focus narrowly on the obstacle issue, so that they no longer consider issues simultaneously, and forego the possibility to reach high quality, integrative agreements. Three experiments involving face-to-face negotiation support the “getting stuck” hypothesis, but only when negotiators are in a local processing mode and not when they are in a global processing mode. Implications for the art and science of negotiation, and for construal level theory, are discussed. 相似文献
124.
Marco Innamorati Claudio Imperatori Dorian A. Lamis Anna Contardi Gianluca Castelnuovo Stella Tamburello Gian Mauro Manzoni Mariantonietta Fabbricatore 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2017,36(2):242-251
We have investigated the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the weight bias internalization scale (WBIS) in overweight and obese patients who were attending weight loss programs. Participants were 386 overweight and obese patients admitted in two medical centers specializing in the treatment of obesity. All the patients were administered the WBIS, and measures of binge eating, depression, self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction. Confirmatory factor analysis failed to confirm the fit of the original 11-item unidimensional model. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis indicated that 9 items included in the original measure (the items 1 and 9 were excluded because low item-total correlations) formed a reliable unidimensional measure of internalized weight bias (WBIS-9). The WBIS-9 was significantly correlated with convergent measures and was able to categorize individuals with different severity levels of depression (sensitivity of 0.72 and specificity of 0.70). The WBIS-9 may be useful in clinical practice to discriminate patients with more severe psychopathology, comorbid disordered eating patterns, and risk for poor outcomes. 相似文献
125.
126.
Valeria Biasi Nazarena Patrizi Mauro Mosca Conny De Vincenzo 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2017,45(3):248-257
The work discusses the effectiveness of the counselling treatment to enhance student academic success. The participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (66 students who had completed counselling treatment) or a wait-list comparison group (44 students). The Adult Self Report (ASR) by Achenbach and Rescorla [2003. Manual for the ASEBA adult forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families, University of Vermont] and the Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45) by Lambert and Hill [1994. Assessing psychotherapy outcomes and processes. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (pp. 72–113). New York: John Wiley] were applied before and after the counselling sessions. Data show statistically significant decrease in the ASR clinical scales for both internalising and externalising problems after counselling as well as in the OQ-45 scores for distress symptoms and relationship difficulties. Compared with the control group, the students who received counselling exhibited a significant recovery regarding their progress with their studies. 相似文献
127.
The study examined the association of exercise commitment with proneness to eating disorders in 50 physical education teachers who had been practicing various aerobic sports at least three times a week for at least 5 years. Significant coefficients were found between Commitment to Exercise Scale scores, the number of weekly training sessions, and scores on the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 scales measuring Maturity Fears, Social Insecurity, Perfectionism, and Asceticism. However, no relationship was found between the Commitment to Exercise Scale and the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 variables measuring anorexic tendencies (such as Drive for Thinness, Body Dissatisfaction, and Bulimia). Findings suggest the presence of some psychological factors common to both anorexic tendencies and excessive exercising but not complete overlap, so a rather more complex pattern of relationships appears to be mediated by sex and personality characteristics. 相似文献
128.
Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences - We discuss the three dominant models of the phenomenological literature pertaining to temporal consciousness, namely the cinematic, the retentional, and... 相似文献
129.
Daniele Paolini Mauro Giacomantonio Ilja van Beest Roberto Baiocco Marco Salvati 《Applied cognitive psychology》2020,34(3):761-767
Because sexual orientation is a crucial factor in social discrimination, this study assessed how the working memory capacity of gay-men and heterosexual-men is affected by a social exclusion event (N = 88). To manipulate the experience of social exclusion participants were included or excluded from a game of Cyberball. To assess working memory capacity, participants had to recall a series of letters while performing math problems in an automated version of the operation span task. The results of this small study, showed the sexual orientation of participants interacted with variations in belonging such that being ostracized (but not being included) lowered the working memory capacity of gay-men relative to heterosexual-men. Implications for research on belonging, social exclusion, and stereotype threat are discussed. 相似文献
130.
Mauro Lucherini 《Aggressive behavior》1996,22(4):289-296
The aggressive behaviour of free-ranging guanacos and vicuñas, living in sympatry in Catamarca Andes, Argentina, was analysed in relation to their social organisations. These organisations include territorial family units, solo males (territorial or not), and bachelor groups. In both guanacos and vicuñas, family groups tended to have higher rates of agonistic interactions than bachelors and to be frequently involved in aggressive encounters, whereas bachelor groups showed the opposite tendencies. Encounters between family groups and solo males were more frequent than expected. Bachelors acted almost exclusively as recipients of aggressive interactions, whereas solitary and family males frequently initiated encounters. Family groups adopted different behaviours towards bachelors in the two camelids. In guanacos, the latter were simply ignored, whereas in vicuñas (where they tend to compete for food with families) bachelors were consistently attacked by families. The behaviour of solitary males showed the main difference between the two species. Guanaco solo males had a much more aggressive attitude than vicuña counterparts. Their proportion in guanaco population was also unexpectedly high. These results suggest that, in the less rigid organisation of guanaco society, the behaviour of solitary males is adopted by a number of adult males in an attempt to breed. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献