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21.
Maurice Corcos 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2012,93(6):1403-1425
The object of this paper is to provide a metapsychological definition of alexithymia as described in 1967 in terms of operational thinking and negative hallucination. This is a familiar and established concept in the fields of psychopathology, psychology, and of clinical and psychosomatic medicine. From a psychoanalytic and psychosomatic point of view, the term is conceptually close to P. Marty's “operative thinking”, as described in 1963, even though we know they do not belong to the same epistemological field: on one hand Neuroscience, Psychiatry and the objectalization of the symptom at different levels, and on the other, as regards mechanical functioning, a psychoanalytic clinical approach within the dynamics of the relationship between transference and counter‐transference. The present authors consider that Freudian metapsychology, as now complexified by Andrè Green, allows for a metapsychological approach to alexithymia insofar as it relates to Marty's operative thinking. Thus does Green’s conceptualization of the mother’s negative hallucination, of negative introjection, of a psychically ‘dead (and insecure) mother’, now provide us with the opportunity to describe, in metapsychological terms, the genesis of this particular mode of psychical functioning. Given the mother’s negative hallucination produces a host structure as a background to negativity that will fit future object representations, we will assume that in the case of … future operational or alexithymic …?, this negative hallucination will pathologically and defensively involve the endo‐psychic perception of affect. 相似文献
22.
Pauline Bakibinga Hege Forbech Vinje Maurice Mittelmark 《Journal of religion and health》2014,53(5):1342-1352
Nursing in Uganda is a highly stressful, underpaid profession, leading to worrisome attrition levels; yet some nurses do manage to stay on the job and thrive. This study explored the ways in which religion influences the work lives and coping strategies of Ugandan nurses who thrive despite job stress. Participants were 15 female nurses working in faith-based and non-faith-based facilities in Uganda. The nurses were all actively religious people, a fact not known at the time they were recruited. All the nurses revealed that religious values affected their performance positively, enabling them to find meaning even in the face of adversity. 相似文献
23.
Large numbers of America's young people engage in multiple high-risk behaviors that may jeopardize their health and social development. Given the gravity of this situation, many federal agencies and national organizations have called for the implementation of school-based K-12 social competence and health promotion programs. Unfortunately, there is a gap between the comprehensive programs that policymakers are asking educators to implement and the limited scope, duration, and intensity of state-of-the-art health promotion programs that scientists have developed and evaluated. As a result, most schools currently adopt well-marketed programs that lack documented effectiveness. Although current research indicates that brief, well-designed, theory-driven competence promotion and health education programs produce short-term benefits, there have been no controlled, longitudinal field studies to evaluate the long-term effects of K-12 efforts. This paper proposes that policymakers and funding agencies support long-term collaborations among educators and scientists to develop and evaluate K-12 comprehensive social competence and health education programs and identifies critical issues that funded projects should address. 相似文献
24.
Raising the bar on the body beautiful: An analysis of the body image concerns of homosexual men 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Research suggests that gay men are at particular risk for body image dissatisfaction. This study seeks to extend research on gay men's body image concerns. A survey assessed the nature and correlates of body image dissatisfaction among 64 gay men. The survey included assessments related to involvement in and perceived acceptance within the gay community, social comparison tendencies, body image satisfaction, self-esteem, and depression. The results indicate that most participants were concerned with muscularity rather than weight. Greater social comparison tendencies and higher body mass index (BMI) were associated with greater body dissatisfaction. Although involvement and perceived acceptance in the gay community did not independently predict general body image dissatisfaction, there is evidence to suggest that the association between body image and self-esteem may be moderated by integration into the gay community, defined as involvement and perceived acceptance. Implications for the further study of gay men's body image are discussed. 相似文献
25.
Bornstein MH Hahn CS Bell C Haynes OM Slater A Golding J Wolke D;ALSPAC Study Team 《Psychological science》2006,17(2):151-158
Children confront the formidable task of assimilating information in the environment and accommodating their cognitive structures to that information. Developmental science is concerned equally with two distinctive features of these processes: children's group mean level of performance through time and the standing of individual children through time. Prevailing opinion since the inception of the mental-measurement movement has been that individual development is unstable-that individual children change unpredictably in their abilities. We report results of a large-scale controlled, multivariate, prospective, microgenetic, 4-year longitudinal study that reveals a statistically significant cascade of species-typical cognitive abilities from infancy to childhood. Infancy is a recognizable starting point of life; we find that to a small but significant degree, infancy also represents a setting point in the life of the individual. 相似文献
26.
27.
Jaap H. van Dieën Huub M. Toussaint Cora Maurice Martine Mientjes 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(4):304-305
In this study, changes in movement coordination caused by fatigue that developed during repetitive lifting were examined. Five men performed 6 times a 5-min bout of lifting an 8-kg barbell at 15 lifts/min, using two lifting techniques; one minimized trunk rotation (squat lift), and the other minimized rotation in the knee joint (stoop lift). Kinematics and dynamics were studied by means of movement analysis and inverse dynamics, using a two-dimensional linked segment model. Within-subject variation over repetitive lifts of the time course of joint angles was smaller than between-subjects variation on the first analyzed lift. Relative timing between joint rotations did not change significantly across repetitive lifts, except between knee and hip in the squat lift. No change of the lumbosacral torque over repetitive lifts was found. The adaptability of the neural control appeared to be sufficient to accommodate the strong changes of the input-output characteristics of the muscles caused by fatigue so that an essentially constant performance of the movement act was maintained. 相似文献
28.
This study reports on a principal-components analysis of the Personality Adjective Check List (PACL) at the item level. Data came from a national sample of normal adults and included the responses-of 1,058 men and 1,194 women (N = 2,252). Analyses were conducted separately for men and women, and for the sexes combined. The scree test was applied to decide on the number of factors to extract. Retained factors were rotated by varimax and direct oblimin procedures. Results were very similar for each analysis, with coefficients of congruence for the five orthogonal factors obtained from men and women separately being .95, .92, .94, .94, and .92. The five unipolar personality dimensions isolated were interpreted as Aggressive/Dominant, Neurotic, Conscientious, Detached/Introverted, and Surgent/Extraverted. These were compared to item factors of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-I), MCMI-II, Adjective Check List (ACL), and to Norman's Big Five dimensions. 相似文献
29.
This study examined the factor dimensions common to three different approaches to interpersonal behavior- the interpersonal circle, Millon's theory of personality, and a factor analytic (FA) approach. These were compared with the Norman (1963) "Big Five" factors. Measures employed were the revised Wiggins (1979) Interpersonal Adjective Scales, Strack's Personality Adjective Check List (1990), and the short form of the Lorr (1986) Interpersonal Style Inventory. Subjects were 146 college students (83 men and 63 women). A principal components analysis with varimax rotation revealed four distinct factors, based on a scree test, that accounted for 55.4% of the variance: Dominance-Submission, Extraversion-Introversion, Conscientiousness, and Agreeable-Disagreeable. Each of the models measured the circumplex axes of dominance and affiliation, but only the Millon (1969/1983) and FA approaches measured more than these elements, with the FA paradigm most sufficiently addressing all four. Dominance-Submission, the largest factor, was not explicit in the Big Five. Results suggest that earlier studies isolating five factors of personality may not have adequately represented this dimension. 相似文献
30.
The stressing action of a medium-intensity, magnetostatic field was studied for several levels of intensity. Our purpose was (a) to verify a stressing action by display of the general adaptation syndrome Pattern on the growth rate of mice and (b) to establish the relation between effect and field intensity on the same variable. Eight groups of mice showed a linear relation. Moreover, stressing action was noticed at lower intensities than previously suggested. 相似文献