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201.
202.
Refeng Tang 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2011,6(3):426-442
Ryle’s distinction between knowing that and knowing how has recently been challenged. The paper first briefly defends the
distinction and then proceeds to address the question of classifying moral knowledge. Moral knowledge is special in that it
is practical, that is, it is essentially a motive. Hence the way we understand moral knowledge crucially depends on the way
we understand motivation. The Humean theory of motivation is wrong in saying that reason cannot be a motive, but right in
saying that desire is essential for motivating us. The right response to the Humean theory of motivation is to see that moral
knowledge is desire-related rationality or thought-related desire. Moral knowledge is neither knowing that nor knowing how
but rather a third species of knowledge which we may call “knowing to do.” Knowing to do is to be rationally disposed to do
the right thing. This understanding of moral knowledge is exactly what we can learn from Aristotle’s ethics. 相似文献
203.
Nanotechnology is the new(est) star in the high technologies sky. While nanotechnologies remain technologies of promise and
potential, a growing number of nano-materials and nano-particle-reliant products are being produced. And although a growing
number of academic, policy and industry reports are exploring nanotechnologies, there are very few genuine ethical assessments
of nanotechnologies as they exist and might evolve in the coming years. Many questions have yet to be answered about the nature,
development, and social and commercial deployment of nanotechnologies and what that means for the human condition and the
preservation of our core values. We argue that the early and potentially risky nature of this interdisciplinary science does
not justify a blinkered focus on risk assessment and management to the detriment of deep and ranging ethical evaluations.
Much improved ethics evaluations must be undertaken, particularly in Taiwan where very little has happened despite grand expectations
for, and funding of, the science. In this paper, we uncover the development imperatives for nanotechnologies, demonstrate
the paucity of genuine nanoethics exercises, outline key questions for stakeholders undertaking nanoethics exercises to consider,
and we articulate some preliminary actions for Taiwan (and other similarly situated jurisdictions). 相似文献
204.
This study explores whether and how gratifications and psychological traits impact people's Facebook use. First, a factor analysis of an online survey (N= 437) outlined a unique set of gratifications obtained from the use of Facebook. Six aspects of gratifications (i.e., social surveillance, entertainment, recognition, emotional support, network extension, and maintenance) were identified. Results from regression analyses showed that psychological traits (i.e., collective self-esteem, online emotional openness, and traitlike communication apprehension) were strong predictors of most Facebook gratifications. Additionally, gratifications and, to a lesser extent, psychological traits significantly predicted Facebook usage, both in perceived importance and different indicators in the level of Facebook use. 相似文献
205.
目的:调查并探讨大学生自我同一性状态发展特点。方法:从湖南某大学随机抽取320名大学生,采用王树青等人修订的EOM-EIS-II量表作为测量青少年自我同一性的工具。结果:(1)大学生自我同一性的性别、独生和非独生、城乡的差异比较结果显示,不同性别、独生非独生大学生在自我同一性的一些维度上存在显著差异,而来自城市和来自农村的大学生之间不存在差异;(2)不同年级大学生的同一性状态得分的方差分析结果显示,不同年级大学生在总体获得、总体延缓、总体早闭、意识早闭、人际早闭、人际延缓和人际获得7个维度上差异显著。结论:大学生自我同一性的发展存在一定的不平衡性。 相似文献
206.
Hibbard S Tang PC Latko R Park JH Munn S Bolz S Somerville A 《Journal of personality assessment》2000,75(3):351-372
Thematic Apperception Test (Murray, 1943) responses of 69 Asian American (hereafter, Asian) and 83 White students were coded for defenses according to the Defense Mechanism Manual (Cramer, 1991b) and studied for differential validity in predicting paper-and-pencil measures of relevant constructs. Three tests for differential validity were used: (a) differences between validity coefficients, (b) interactions between predictor and ethnicity in criterion prediction, and (c) differences between groups in mean prediction errors using a common regression equation. Modest differential validity was found. It was surprising that the DMM scales were slightly stronger predictors of their criteria among Asians than among Whites and when a common predictor was used, desirable criteria were overpredicted for Asians, whereas undesirable ones were overpredicted for Whites. The results were not affected by acculturation level or English vocabulary among the Asians. 相似文献
207.
Malingering occupies a range on a continuum from biased self-perception to conscious, deliberate, serious lies. One aspect of this continuum is the element of self-conscious or deliberate control. Suggestions from Darwin's writings concerning the role of voluntary and involuntary activation of the facial muscles are examined and illustrated with data from a 40 year program of research on deception. The impact of the voluntary-involuntary distinction on the appearance, timing, symmetry and cohesion of facial expressions of emotion is explained. Data relevant to changes in vocal and gestural aspects of demeanor in honest and deceptive behavior are also reviewed. The relevance of these laboratory-based findings on the voluntary control of nonverbal behavior in assessing some types of malingering is discussed. 相似文献
208.
Correcting distorted perception of sleep in insomnia: a novel behavioural experiment? 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Patients with primary insomnia overestimate their sleep onset latency (SOL) and underestimate their total sleep time (TST). The present study aimed to test the utility of a novel behavioural experiment designed to correct distorted perception of sleep among patients diagnosed with primary insomnia. Individuals with primary insomnia were asked to wear an actigraph and keep a sleep diary for three nights. On the following day, half were shown the discrepancy between the data recorded on the actigraph and their sleep diary (Shown-Discrepancy Group), the other half were not shown the discrepancy (No-Demonstration Group). Participants were then asked to wear the actigraph and keep a sleep diary for three further nights. Following the behavioural experiment, the Shown-Discrepancy Group estimated their SOL more accurately and reported less anxiety and preoccupation about sleep compared to the No-Demonstration Group. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
209.
Lidz et al. [Lidz, J., Waxman, S., & Freedman, J. (2003). What infants know about syntax but couldn't have learned: Experimental evidence for syntactic structure at 18 months. Cognition, 89, B65-B73.] claim experimental substantiation of an argument from the poverty of the stimulus, in the sense of Pullum and Scholz [Linguist. Rev. 19 (2002) 9]. They cite a specific feature of English--the assignment of appropriate antecedents for anaphoric one--that cannot possibly be learned from experience because the evidence needed is found only in utterances of a type too rare to be encountered. Their argument involves three empirical claims. In this note we dispute all three. 相似文献
210.