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1.
Aubrey J. Yates Peter J. Smith Bryan D. Burke Maureen A. Keane 《Behavior research methods》1969,1(7):257-258
Procedures are described for the generation, synchronization. and accurate spacing of discrete dichotic stimulation material. A suggested standard definition of interpair interval is proposed. 相似文献
2.
Increases in self-attention as a function of decreases in the relative size of one’s subgroup in a heterogeneous group context
have been shown to result in increased regulation of behavior toward social (normative) standards for behavior. The present
study demonstrated increased regulation of behavior toward a personal standard for behavior as a function of variations in
group composition. One hundred twenty-five subjects individually completed the Creativity subscale of Scott’s Personal Value
Scale assessing attitudes toward originality. They then completed a word-association task in groups ranging in size from 2
to 8. Originality of word-associations was determined by reference to previously established word-association norms and norms
based on frequency of responses given in the present study. Results indicate that originality in responses increase as the
relative size of one’s own subgroup decreases (indexing increases in self-attention) for subjects who value originality. Discussion
centers on the distinction between experimentally manipulated public and private self-attention and standards that are adopted
for behavioral self-regulation.
Portions of this study were presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, New York, April 1991. 相似文献
3.
Morton Wiener Maureen Rubano Robert Shilkret 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1990,19(2):103-123
A scale for assessing the complexity or density of utterances was developed using 10 categories ofsemantic relations (e.g., temporal ordering, causality). The categories are inferable from the particular meanings of the words (e.g., connectives, particular tense variations) used in an utterance. The scale was applied to three samples of subjects to assess its interjudge reliability and to compare the utterances of fourth-, sixth-, and eighth-grade children from middle- and working-class neighborhoods. It was also used to compare the complexity of utterances for different types of visual stimuli (used to elicit language samples). Interjudge reliabilities were more than acceptable for each of the samples, and significant differences in semantic density were found across grade, between children from working-class and middle-class neighborhoods, and for the stimuli used to elicit the utterances. When two of the three types of eliciting visual stimuli were equated for content and exposure conditions, the differences in verbal density between eliciting conditions were not replicated. The usefulness of the scale for assessing utterance density and by implication, comprehension difficulty of utterances and of texts, is discussed.This study was supported in part by a Grant from the National Institute of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Complexity in Auditory and Graphics Communication, Project No. 4-470. Points of view or opinions stated here do not necessarily represent National Institute of Education position or policy. 相似文献
4.
In this paper, we propose an examination of the shared connections between the French philosopher, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and the Austro-Hungarian movement theorist, Rudolf Laban.In many ways Merleau-Ponty's philosophy demonstrates a synthesis of the best in existen-tialism and phenomenology. In like manner, Rudolf Laban was a synthesizer of experiences and theories of movement.we propose to examine the parallels and resonances of their theory within the forum of a hypothetical, collegial conversation. This dialogue will be prefaced by an historical contextualization of their work and an explanation of the appropriate reading sensibility with which to enter our interpretation of their text. In this way, we hope to reveal (a) possible parallels and resonances between their theories concerning the body in perception and movement, and (b) possible connections between phenomenology and movement education. 相似文献
5.
This paper examines how the presentation of computer-monitored performance information affects performance judgments. Two factors were examined: the performance pattern and the information format. In a computer simulation, subjects were responsible for evaluating the performance of a computer-monitored typist. They were assigned to one of three format conditions: a periodic, delayed, or summarized format. The pattern of the typist's performance was also varied: It either improved, worsened, or remained about the same during the simulation. Results indicate that performance pattern affected subjects' ratings of overall performance, performance quality, and performance consistency. Both factors influenced ratings of future performance and recall of specific performance information. Implications of these results for performance appraisals and computerized performance monitoring systems are discussed. 相似文献
6.
We evaluated a means of increasing staff members' interactions with an individual with multiple disabilities through use of a voice output communication aid (VOCA). When activated, the VOCA allowed the individual to communicate through synthesized speech. Results indicated that staff members interacted with the individual more frequently when she had access to the VOCA, suggesting that VOCAs may represent an alternative to more traditional staff management programs for increasing interactions. 相似文献
7.
Keith Doubt Maureen Leonard Laura Muhlenbruck Sherry Teerlinck Dana Vinyard 《Human Studies》1995,18(1):89-106
This paper provides a phenomenological account of the writing of a young woman diagnosed with schizophrenia. The method of interpretation is to put ourselves in the place of the author drawing upon a combination of sympathy, reason, common-sense, experience, and “an intersubjective world, common to us all” (Schutz, 1945: 536). The result is the recognition of the person as also capable of putting herself in the place of others so as to understand their behavior. This “role-taking success” identifies the limits of the current sociological understanding of insanity's significance in social interaction as an instance of “role-taking failure” (Rosenberg, 1992). The very appearance of a piece of writing often permits one to recognize the presence of schizophrenia. The use of space may be quite bizarre. The varying margins betray the writer's changing mood. The letter may start at the bottom or side of the paper or very close to the top .... Capital letters and all letters are employed without any apparent rules, the former even in the middle of a word. (Bleuler, 1950: 159) What we want to understand is not something hidden behind the text, but something disclosed in front of it. (Ricoeur, 1971: 557) Why do we need an art of guessing? Why do we have to “construe” the meaning? Not only — as I tried to say a few years ago — because language is metaphorical and because the double meaning of metaphorical language requires an art of deciphering which tends to unfold the several layers of meaning.... [But also] because [a text] is not a mere sequence of sentences, all on an equal footing and separately understandable. A text is a whole, a totality. (Ricoeur, 1971: 548) 相似文献
8.
Over the past decade, sport participation opportunities for females have increased dramatically. The purposes of this study were to compare perceptions of encouragement and support from socializing agents for: (a) female collegiate volleyball players competing during the 1979 and 1989 seasons, and (b) female collegiate athletes and female and male nonathletes. Female athletes (n= 345), female nonathletes (n= 128), and male nonathletes (n= 88) completed a questionnaire to assess significant others' influence on sport involvement during childhood, adolescence, and college years. Results indicated that interest and encouragement by parents, older siblings, and friends significantly increased for female athletes over the past 10 years during one or more developmental period. Discriminant analyses revealed that female athletes perceived stronger influences from mother, siblings, friends, and coaches than did male and female nonathletes. These results demonstrate that female athletes received greater social support than their peers a decade earlier, and these influences were significantly different than male and female nonathletes.
This study was supported by a grant awarded to the first author by the Center for the Study of Women in Society, University of Oregon, Eugene. 相似文献
9.
MEASURING FEMINISM AND GENDER ROLE ATTITUDES 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
10.
Maureen W. Lovett Susan L. Borden Patricia M. Warren-Chaplin Léa Lacerenza Teresa DeLuca Rosa Giovinazzo 《Brain and language》1996,54(3):447-480
Forty-six reading disabled adolescents were randomly assigned to one of three 25-hr instructional programs. Two programs provided training in expository text comprehension, and a third offered training in academic problem solving and organizational and study skills (an alternative treatment control). One reading comprehension program was designed to remediate a deficient knowledge base, forcing disabled readers to elaborate and further process new text knowledge, focusing on both specific informational content in a text and knowledge of text structure per se. The second program was patterned after the Palincsar and Brown (1984) reciprocal teaching techniques and focused on training four text comprehension strategies used by skilled comprehenders. Both the “knowledge-base” and the “strategy” training approaches were associated with significant improvement in disabled readers' comprehension skills, although training effects did not generalize across all aspects of reading comprehension performance. Strategy-trained readers applied the trained strategies with equal success on instructed and uninstructed text materials, providing strong evidence of transfer of learning. Knowledge-base readers also demonstrated successful transfer of specifically trained procedures (semantic mapping, text analysis) to unfamiliar text. In both programs, the best outcomes were obtained when specific strategies and operations were targeted for training. 相似文献