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251.
This study evaluates the differential effectiveness of six different anti-litter procedures in two neighborhood theaters. The procedures used to encourage individuals in attendance to pick up litter and deposit it properly included: providing litterbags, providing litterbags with instructions to use them, providing extra trash cans, showing a special anti-litter film before the feature film, and providing incentives for the appropriate deposit of litter. In both theaters, the incentive procedures resulted in the removal of over 90% of all litter by the children in attendance, a figure far above that achieved by the other procedures investigated. 相似文献
252.
Two samples of 10 random polygons were scaled tactually and visually using multidimensional scaling techniques. Unidimensional solutions were very similar for both modalities and were linearly dependent upon the number of independent sides of the forms. Solutions of higher dimensionality did not produce clearly interpretable unique orderings of the forms beyond the first dimension with these samples. Within the limits imposed by these samples of forms. the data strongly support equivalence for visual and tactual form perception. 相似文献
253.
Herbert H. Clark Eve V. Clark 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1968,20(2):129-138
This investigation studied what people remember in recalling complex sentences, whether it is certain semantic distinctions or merely transformational markers. After short intervals 24 subjects tried to recall sentences of six kinds which formed paraphrase sets: S1 before S2, S1 and then S2, After S1 S2, S2 after S1, S2 but first S1, and Before S2 S1. (S1 and S2 denote first and second clauses in temporal, not linguistic, order.) Subjects remembered the underlying sense of sentences with S1-S2 clause ordering better than those with S2-S1 clause ordering, regardless of transformational complexity. Subjects also showed a response bias, hence better verbatim recall, for sentences with subordinate clause second and for sentences with S1-S2 clause ordering. Sentence confusions indicated that subjects remembered three semantic distinctions: the temporal order, order of mention, and main-subordinate relation of the two described events. A theory of memory for marked and unmarked semantic distinctions was used to account for the results. 相似文献
254.
255.
Perception of the visual horizontal by observers in five different combinations of head and body position was studied to determine the effect of 20-degree body tilts. Both normal and labyrinthine-defective observers made five settings to the visual horizontal for each condition using, a goggle device which presented a collimated line of light to the right eye while the other eye was covered. The results showed no significant constant errors in the settings by either group, and it is suggested that the absence of the E-phenomenon was due primarily to adequate contact cues and kinesthetic cues. The data also make it clear that vestibular information is not required for veridical perception of the visual horizontal under these experimental conditions. 相似文献
256.
257.
Victor G. Laties Bernard Weiss Richard L. Clark Michael D. Reynolds 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1965,8(2):107-116
A rat was trained on a schedule that programmed reinforcements only when a minimum waiting time between successive responses was exceeded (DRL schedule). It was observed to fill much of the pause between lever presses with a stereotyped behavioral chain: it would take its tail in its mouth and nibble it. This behavior was shown to be functionally related to the efficiency with which the subject spaced its responses. It is thought to have served as mediating behavior, providing discriminating stimuli for appropriate lever presses. 相似文献
258.
259.
Russell D. Clark 《European journal of social psychology》1988,18(6):515-526
Paralleling closely an experiment on group polarization by Vinokur and Burnstein (1978), subjects discussed one of three risky, cautious, or neutral choice dilemmas. For each of the value items, one half of the six-person groups consisted of a cautious minority and a risky majority; the other half consisted of a risky minority and a cautious majority. The minorities always consisted of trained confederates. The results indicated that on risky items minorities that argued for risk had more influence than minorities advocating caution; on neutral and cautious items the majority was not influenced by the minority whether it advocated the risky or cautious alternative. 相似文献
260.
To walk independently, the human infant must coordinate its multisegmented body to achieve both postural stability and forward mobility. In this experiment, we sought evidence of the form this coordination takes in infants who have been walking 3 to 10 months. Using the Philippson phases to represent the step cycle, we analyzed film records of infants and adults walking at speeds from 2 to 4 km/hr. Our results reveal a clear relationship between walking speed and the F and E(3) Philippson phases of the step cycle in both the young walkers and the adults. Indeed, across all four phases of the step cycle, the infants exhibited an organization that was almost identical to that of the mature walkers. 相似文献