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91.
The central question underlying this study revolves around how children process co-reference relationships—such as those evidenced
by pronouns (him) and reflexives (himself)—and how a slowed rate of speech input may critically affect this process. Previous studies of child language processing
have demonstrated that typical language developing (TLD) children as young as 4 years of age process co-reference relations
in a manner similar to adults on-line. In contrast, off-line measures of pronoun comprehension suggest a developmental delay
for pronouns (relative to reflexives). The present study examines dependency relations in TLD children (ages 5–13) and investigates
how a slowed rate of speech input affects the unconscious (on-line) and conscious (off-line) parsing of these constructions.
For the on-line investigations (using a cross-modal picture priming paradigm), results indicate that at a normal rate of speech
TLD children demonstrate adult-like syntactic reflexes. At a slowed rate of speech the typical language developing children displayed a breakdown in automatic syntactic parsing (again, similar to the pattern seen in unimpaired adults).
As demonstrated in the literature, our off-line investigations (sentence/picture matching task) revealed that these children
performed much better on reflexives than on pronouns at a regular speech rate. However, at the slow speech rate, performance
on pronouns was substantially improved, whereas performance on reflexives was not different than at the regular speech rate.
We interpret these results in light of a distinction between fast automatic processes (relied upon for on-line processing
in real time) and conscious reflective processes (relied upon for off-line processing), such that slowed speech input disrupts
the former, yet improves the latter. 相似文献
92.
Riany Yulina E. Haslam Divna M. Sanders Matthew 《Journal of child and family studies》2022,31(9):2331-2343
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Extensive research, in Western countries, links parental mood and parenting styles with child outcomes including emotional and behavioural adjustment. However,... 相似文献
93.
Matthew C. Fullen Christian D. Chan Justin Jordan Robert A. Dobmeier Sean Gorby 《Adultspan: Theory Research & Practice》2021,20(1):3-16
Using quantitative content analysis, we categorized 76 out of 154 articles (49.35%) published in Adultspan Journal from 1999 to 2019 as focused on gerontological counseling. This study explored publication trends for these articles and compared results with a larger study (Fullen et al., 2019) on publication trends for gerontological counseling across all counseling‐related journals. 相似文献
94.
Matthew W. Parker 《No?s (Detroit, Mich.)》2019,53(2):375-393
On the first page of “What is Cantor's Continuum Problem?”, Gödel argues that Cantor's theory of cardinality, where a bijection implies equal number, is in some sense uniquely determined. The argument, involving a thought experiment with sets of physical objects, is initially persuasive, but recent authors have developed alternative theories of cardinality that are consistent with the standard set theory ZFC and have appealing algebraic features that Cantor's powers lack, as well as some promise for applications. Here we diagnose Gödel's argument, showing that it fails in two important ways: (i) Its premises are not sufficiently compelling to discredit countervailing intuitions and pragmatic considerations, nor pluralism, and (ii) its final inference, from the superiority of Cantor's theory as applied to sets of changeable physical objects to the unique acceptability of that theory for all sets, is irredeemably invalid. 相似文献
95.
Matthew Davidson 《Pacific Philosophical Quarterly》2019,100(2):624-641
In this article, I explore various views on which mind–body dualism is true, but the soul is located in the body. I argue that this sort of dualism (which I call ‘somatic dualism’) once was a not‐uncommon view in the philosophy of mind. I also argue that it has the resources to reply to some of the problems thought to affect Cartesian dualism. 相似文献
96.
Although laboratory studies have found that selection information can affect applicant perceptions, this has not been tested in the field. The authors followed 2 cohorts of police applicants (N = 274) in a longitudinal study to examine the relationship between information, applicant perceptions, and behavior (e.g., turnover). Information was related to perceived fairness measured at the time of testing and 1 month later when applicants received their results. Information moderated the relationship between outcome favorability and test-taking self-efficacy among African Americans but not among Whites. Information was not related to the behavioral measures. The discussion focuses on why certain findings from previous studies were not replicated and on the use of information when applicants have an investment in getting a job. 相似文献
97.
From an eligible population of 9,943 casino employees, 6,067 volunteered to participate in this study. Of this sample, 1,176 provided data at 3 observation points approximately 12 months apart. Using the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS; H. R. Lesieur & S. B. Blume, 1987) and the CAGE (J. A. Ewing, 1984) questionnaire, the authors prospectively examined the prevalence and patterns of alcohol and gambling problems among those employees. Among the casino employees with gambling and drinking problems, a segment displayed the capacity to diminish those problems even when the difficulties had reached disordered levels. The authors also examined the comorbidity of gambling and drinking as well as the relationships among changes in SOGS scores and CAGE scores and changes in demographic and biological variables. The women were more likely to decrease their problem-drinking scores, but not their gambling scores, when compared with the men. In addition, 2 key variables (i.e., disabling depression and dissatisfaction with one's personal life) emerged as predictors of transitions to healthier levels of disordered gambling. The authors cautiously suggest, in light of the results taken together, that more fluctuation is associated with gambling and drinking problems than previously thought and that the conventional wisdom about disordered gambling as "always progressive" needs reconsideration. 相似文献
98.
White (N = 161) and Black (N = 152) college students served as mock jurors in a simulated civil case in which a female plaintiff accused a male defendant of sexual harassment. The authors experimentally manipulated the race (Black or White) of the litigants and asked the mock jurors to decide whether the defendant was guilty; to rate the certainty of their belief in the defendant's guilt; and, when they judged the defendant guilty, to recommend an award to the plaintiff. Mock jurors of both races tended to favor litigants of their own race and their own gender. Racial bias was highest among White male jurors and lowest among White female jurors. 相似文献
99.
100.
Hotopf M 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2002,43(2):139-146
Clinical experience suggests that a high proportion of patients with medically unexplained symptoms or somatoform disorders give histories of adverse childhood experiences. Previous work has reported that both personal and family experience of illness may be associated with later unexplained symptoms in the individual. Most of this research is subject to recall bias. This review explores data from the UK Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, a population-based birth cohort study. The main finding of this work is that childhood experience of illness in parents is an independent risk factor for later unexplained symptoms. Personal experience of illness has a more complicated relationship. There is no evidence that severe physical disease in childhood is associated with later unexplained symptoms, but common childhood unexplained symptoms are predictors of symptoms in adulthood. 相似文献