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Warren E. Watson Tracey Minzenmayer Matt Bowler 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(5):1110-1128
Type A personality has been conceptualized in part as high need for achievement combined with aggression, hostility, and self-esteem issues. In teams of undergraduate business students, high levels of Type A personality significantly correlated with high levels of depression and high levels of social monitoring; and negatively correlated with social desirability, communality, and individual performance across time. In team settings, the more Type A's were balanced in a team with low Type A's, the more there was team commitment and the more team synergy behaviors; while if teams had a greater number of Type A's, there was more individualistic behavior, and team project scores were lower. 相似文献
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Matt DeLisi Michael G. Vaughn Kevin M. Beaver John Paul Wright 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(2):169-177
Due to the intriguing nature of the psychopathy construct, it is not surprising that psychopathic characters would appear
in popular culture. At times, media portrayals of psychopathic personality are consistent with scholarly research, others
times they are not. In the case of Hannibal Lecter, the psychopathic killer was framed as an individual with superior intelligence—an
omnibus intelligence that enhanced his ability to manipulative and victimize others. Contrary to this popular conception and
based on data from 840 cases selected from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study, ordinary least squares and ordered
logistic regression models showed inverse relationships between verbal intelligence and psychopathy for eight of twelve items
of the disorder in this exploratory study. Due to the uniqueness of the MacArthur sample and concern about generalizeability,
further research on verbal intelligence and psychopathy is recommended. 相似文献
226.
Betrayal Trauma Theory (BTT) holds that certain traumas, such as incest, should be uniquely categorized as betrayal trauma: a subcategory of trauma in which the violation of trust, within a close relationship, occurs in the context of a traumatic event. According to BTT, betrayal trauma results in either partial or complete traumatic amnesia because repression is adaptive when a victim depends on a perpetrator for physical or emotional needs. In a test of BTT, undergraduates screened for betrayal and non‐betrayal trauma histories provided detailed accounts of these events. In order to account for threats to internal validity that are often overlooked by traumatic amnesia researchers, we also assessed factors known to compromise narrative detail. Consistent with BTT predictions, more betrayal was associated with less detailed trauma narratives. However, this relationship was no longer significant after controlling for survivor age, avoidance symptoms, gender and purposeful omission of detail. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Matt Motyl Joshua Hart Tom Pyszczynski 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(1):200-203
Terror management theory (TMT) suggests that people are motivated to elevate themselves above other animals as a way of denying their creatureliness and mortality. Based on this reasoning, the present study assessed whether infrahumanizing violence by emphasizing its similarities to animal aggression would lead to reduced support for war, especially when mortality is salient. This hypothesis was supported among participants high in right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), who are especially prone to infrahumanize outgroup members and are generally more supportive of military action against outgroups. RWA was associated with greater support for war against Iran, except when primed with thoughts of death and violence as an infrahuman behavior. These data suggest that by portraying violence as something instinctual and creaturely, it may be possible to reduce inter-group hostility and aggression among individuals who tend to be more dispositionally aggressive, particularly in the context of the death awareness that often exacerbates inter-group conflict. 相似文献
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Matt Ferkany 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2009,47(3):263-283
Recognition theorists have often sought to justify calls for the recognition of identities or cultures on grounds that a culturally egalitarian societal environment is a crucial social basis of a sense of self-worth. In doing so they have often drawn on noncognitivist social-psychological theorizing. This paper argues that this theorizing does not support the recognition theorist's position. It is argued that attachment theory together with recent empirical evidence support a more attachment- focused and Rawlsian vision of self-worth's social bases according to which secure parent-child attachment, associational ties, equal basic rights and liberties, and economic and educational opportunities are what really matter. 相似文献
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Sarah E. Lea R. Matt Alderson Connor H.G. Patros Stephanie J. Tarle Elaine F. Arrington DeMond M. Grant 《Behavior Therapy》2018,49(3):419-434
Converging findings from recent research suggest a functional relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related hyperactivity and demands on working memory (WM) in both children and adults. Excessive motor activity such as restlessness and fidgeting are not pathognomonic symptoms of ADHD, however, and are often associated with other diagnoses such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Further, previous research indicates that anticipatory processing associated with anxiety can directly interfere with storage and rehearsal processes of WM. The topographical similarity of excessive motor activity seen in both ADHD and anxiety disorders, as well as similar WM deficits, may indicate a common relationship between WM deficits and increased motor activity. The relationship between objectively measured motor activity (actigraphy) and PH and visuospatial WM demands in adults with ADHD (n = 21), adults with GAD (n = 21), and healthy control adults (n = 20) was examined. Although all groups exhibited significant increases in activity from control to WM conditions, the ADHD group exhibited a disproportionate increase in activity, while activity exhibited by the GAD and healthy control groups was not different. Findings indicate that ADHD-related hyperactivity is uniquely related to WM demands, and appear to suggest that adults with GAD are no more active relative to healthy control adults during a cognitively demanding laboratory task. 相似文献