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排序方式: 共有158条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
131.
We characterized the control mechanisms underlying crossing an intersection with vehicular traffic. Specifically, we identified potential markers of the coupling between information and movement through a kinematic analysis of the approach. We exposed participants in a driving simulator experiment to several scenarios. We manipulated task constraints by varying the acceleration capabilities of the vehicle and the time available to make speed adjustments. The results highlighted gradual, systematic adjustments, which make it possible to cross the intersection in a zone that is close to the center of the intervehicular gap. The functional nature of these adjustments was highlighted by concomitant and opposite variation in the variability of current speed and current deviation. In all cases, an increase in the standard deviation of speed was accompanied by a reduction in the standard deviation of current deviation. Neither time to make adjustments nor acceleration capabilities modified the observed kinematic patterns, but they did modulate the adjustments that were produced. Overall, these results were consistent with a control mechanism based on the implementation of an information–movement cycle. 相似文献
132.
Unconnected conditionals, also called irrelevant conditionals, are sentences of form if A, C, whose antecedent and consequent bear no connection. According to the main theories of conditional reasoning, the truth or high probability of an antecedent and a consequent is sufficient to make true or highly probable the corresponding conditional. We tested this assumption and showed that it does not hold for unconnected conditionals. Furthermore, we investigated experimentally the factors which favour the endorsement of irrelevant conditional constructions and found that this rate increases when an analogy can be built between the antecedent and the consequent or when the conditional is asserted before its components. 相似文献
133.
This paper pursues two objectives: (1) to estimate proportions of adolescents with a weight goal that matched and mismatched weight status, and (2) to identify correlates of a mismatched weight goal. Data were from a representative population-based sample of adolescents (n = 2346, 51% female; 91.5% complete data). Results showed that 69% of adolescents had a weight goal that matched weight status whereas 31% had a weight goal that mismatched weight status. Body dissatisfaction was a significant predictor of having a mismatched weight goal for both sexes while elevated psychological distress was a predictor among girls. Being body dissatisfied mediated the association between psychological distress and having a mismatched weight goal among girls. Casting weight goal as a function of weight status may allow for a better understanding of overall weight management strategies. 相似文献
134.
Knowledge spaces are structures for the efficient assessment of the knowledge state of a student in a given field of knowledge. Existing procedures for constructing a knowledge space by querying an expert assume that the domain of questions is known in advance, and that it is fixed during the whole query process. The outcome of these procedures is a knowledge space on the questions in that domain. If the original domain is extended with new questions, a new knowledge space on the extended domain can be produced by expert query. Since in this case a knowledge space for the original domain already exists, the available information can be used to extend the existing space in an efficient way, thus avoiding to apply expert query from scratch. Existing procedures do not provide an explicit way to use such information. Although these procedures can be adapted to this purpose, in this paper a new query algorithm that is specifically tailored for the problem above mentioned is presented. 相似文献
135.
Mathieu d’Acremont Peter Bossaerts 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2008,8(4):363-374
When modeling valuation under uncertainty, economists generally prefer expected utility because it has an axiomatic foundation,
meaning that the resulting choices will satisfy a number of rationality requirements. In expected utility theory, values are
computed by multiplying probabilities of each possible state of nature by the payoff in that state and summing the results. The drawback of this approach is that all state probabilities need to
be dealt with separately, which becomes extremely cumbersome when it comes to learning. Finance academics and professionals,
however, prefer to value risky prospects in terms of a trade-off between expected reward and risk, where the latter is usually
measured in terms of reward variance. This mean-variance approach is fast and simple and greatly facilitates learning, but
it impedes assigning values to new gambles on the basis of those of known ones. To date, it is unclear whether the human brain
computes values in accordance with expected utility theory or with mean-variance analysis. In this article, we discuss the
theoretical and empirical arguments that favor one or the other theory. We also propose a new experimental paradigm that could
determine whether the human brain follows the expected utility or the mean-variance approach. Behavioral results of implementation
of the paradigm are discussed. 相似文献
136.
Bouville M 《Science and engineering ethics》2008,14(3):311-322
Plagiarism is a crime against academy. It deceives readers, hurts plagiarized authors, and gets the plagiarist undeserved benefits. However, even though these arguments do show that copying other people's intellectual contribution is wrong, they do not apply to the copying of words. Copying a few sentences that contain no original idea (e.g. in the introduction) is of marginal importance compared to stealing the ideas of others. The two must be clearly distinguished, and the 'plagiarism' label should not be used for deeds which are very different in nature and importance. 相似文献
137.
On Enrolling More Female Students in Science and Engineering 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Bouville M 《Science and engineering ethics》2008,14(2):279-290
Many people hold this truth to be self-evident that universities should enroll more female students in science and engineering; the main question then being how. Typical arguments include possible benefits to women, possible benefits to the economy, and the unfairness of the current female under-representation. However, when clearly stated and scrutinized these arguments in fact lead to the conclusion that there should be more women in scientific disciplines in higher education in the sense that we should expect more women (which various kinds of discrimination may prevent), not that we should actively enroll more women. Outreach programs towards high school students may therefore be logically incompatible with the arguments supposed to justify them. They should purport to allow women to graduate in a field congruent with her abilities and desires, rather than try to draw as many of them to scientific disciplines as possible: one cannot try to 'recruit' as many female students as possible while claiming to help them choose more freely. 相似文献
138.
Reynaud Emanuelle Navarro Jordan Lesourd Mathieu Osiurak François 《Neuropsychology review》2019,29(4):484-497
Neuropsychology Review - Since the discovery of mirror neurons in the 1990s, many neuroimaging studies have tackled the issue of action observation with the aim of unravelling a putative homolog... 相似文献
139.
Joël Billieux Martial Van der Linden Mathieu d'Acremont Grazia Ceschi Ariane Zermatten 《Applied cognitive psychology》2007,21(4):527-537
Several authors have studied the risks arising from the growth in mobile phone use (e.g. large debts incurred by young people, banned or dangerous use of cellular phones). The aim of this study is to analyse whether impulsivity, which has often been related to various forms of addictive behaviours, is associated with massive use of and dependence on the mobile phone. In this study, 108 female undergraduate psychology students were screened using a questionnaire evaluating actual use of and perceived dependence on the mobile phone, and with the French adaptation of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale. This scale identifies four distinct components associated with impulsive behaviour: Urgency, lack of Premeditation, lack of Perseverance, and Sensation Seeking. The results showed that a relationship can be established between the use of and perceived dependence on the cellular phone and two facets of impulsivity: Urgency and lack of Perseverance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
140.
Durand K Gallay M Seigneuric A Robichon F Baudouin JY 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2007,97(1):14-27
The development of children's ability to recognize facial emotions and the role of configural information in this development were investigated. In the study, 100 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds and 26 adults needed to recognize the emotion displayed by upright and upside-down faces. The same participants needed to recognize the emotion displayed by the top half of an upright or upside-down face that was or was not aligned with a bottom half that displayed another emotion. The results showed that the ability to recognize facial emotion develops with age, with a developmental course that depends on the emotion to be recognized. Moreover, children at all ages and adults exhibited both an inversion effect and a composite effect, suggesting that children rely on configural information to recognize facial emotions. 相似文献