Experience of traumatic events and personal myths of birth

ABSTRACT

Focusing on the analysis of a clinical case, this article studies the manner in which certain traumatic events can induce some individuals to produce auto-traumatic processes. In parallel, it demonstrates how the foundations of a subject’s origins can, at an early stage, find themselves undermined by an environment that does not recognise the subject, and that sends out messages that seem to exclude him or her from their filiation. What can follow is a partial breakdown in the ideation of origins that leads some individuals to create a personal myth of birth. This myth, that borrows some elements from collective myths, can to some extent substitute itself for the representation of filiation. This process will be differentiated here from delusional phenomena, or the ‘sexual theories of children’. This article also demonstrates the important role of the analysis of ‘anxiety dreams’ in these traumatic configurations: this analysis has the power to bring to light the different conflicting elements with which the ego identifies, so as to put an end to the auto-traumatic process, as well as giving clues for lifting the amnesia regarding a childhood personal myth of birth. Under these conditions ‘acts of birth’ can become inscribed into the analysis.     

Effects of Communication Expectancies,Actual Communication,and Expectancy Disconfirmation on Evaluations of Communicators and Their Communication Behavior

The current investigation addressed (a) the perseverance of preinteraction expectancies in the face of actual communication behavior, (b) the separate effects of personal attribute and communication expectancies, and (c) the role of expectancy confirmation or disconfirmation on postinteraction evaluations. Participant perceivers were induced to hold positive or negative expectancies regarding a target partner's general personal attributes and specific communication behavior prior to a problem-solving discussion. They then interacted with a confederate target who communicated in a pleasant, involved fashion or its opposite, after which perceivers evaluated target personal attributes and communication behavior. All three hypotheses received at least partial support. Preinteractional expectancies, especially personal attribute ones, caused perceivers to evaluate targets and their communication behavior differently, with negatively valenced expectancies serving as negative violations. Relative to a pleasant, involved communication style, unpleasant, uninvolved communication was less expected and evaluated negatively, thus functioning as a negative violation; it also reduced credibility, attraction, and perceived rewardingness of the target. Finally, disconfirmatory communication altered target evaluations relative to confirmatory communication, especially for high-valence targets. These results lend support to the premises and predictions of expectancy violations theory.     

西北某高校教职工2009年至2012年恶性肿瘤发病分析

为了解某高校教职工恶性肿瘤发病情况与流行特征,分析2009年~2012年恶性肿瘤报告资料,计算发病率、标化发病率、标准截缩率、累积率等指标.结果四年教职工恶性肿瘤平均发病率 308.9/10万,标化发病率222.3/10万.男性以肺癌、结直肠癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、肝癌、肾癌多见;女性以乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、膀胱癌为主.因此,高校教职工恶性肿瘤防治工作的重点应放在40岁以上人群,加强肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌及前列腺癌防治研究具有重要意义.     

论道德治理的目标

道德治理的目标,既是道德治理理论亟须探讨的首要和中心问题之一,也是现实道德治理活动的着眼点和归宿点。道德治理的目标,往往决定着道德治理的内容、形式、方法和手段,且对整个道德治理活动起着指导、调节、控制的作用,使整个道德治理过程不断趋近于目标并最终实现既定的治理效果。基于此,从道德治理目标的内涵出发,分析道德治理目标的层次性依据,提出道德治理的目标所具有的理想性、层次性、实践性特征,有助于依循“是什么”“为什么”“怎么样”的逻辑进路对道德治理的目标问题进行相应的考察,进而对推动道德治理理论与实践问题的深入研究提供有所裨益的启示。