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181.
Mathias Weber Stefan Aufenanger Michael Dreier Oliver Quiring Leonard Reinecke Klaus Wölfling Kai W. Müller Manfred E. Beutel 《Sexuality & culture》2018,22(4):1171-1188
The intensity of using sexually explicit internet material (SEIM) is contingent on users’ gender. However, gender differences in the motivations for watching SEIM have not yet been comprehensively explored. Drawing on a representative survey of German internet users, we therefore analyze how women and men use SEIM to satisfy escapist needs. Lower life satisfaction, the lack of a committed relationship, and feelings of loneliness contribute to predicting the frequency of using SEIM among men. Loneliness likewise fosters the consumption of SEIM among women, yet the effect is less pronounced. For female internet users, consumption of SEIM even increases in committed relationships and rather indicates a comparably high level of life satisfaction than dissatisfaction with life circumstances. Gender hence substantially moderates the connection between need structures and the consumption of SEIM. 相似文献
182.
Tomasi Roland Klemm Mathias Hinske Christian Ludwig Hulde Nikolai Schramm René Zwißler Bernhard von Dossow Vera 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2022,29(1):103-112
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - In this prospective observational pilot study patients with the diagnosis of end-stage lung disease and listed for lung transplantation... 相似文献
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Consistent with the widely accepted notion of separate specification of movement amplitude and direction, it has been argued
that there is also a categorical difference between adaptation to novel visuomotor rotations and to novel visuomotor gains.
In line with this view, ageing seems to affect rotation and gain adaptation differently in that age-related impairments are
consistently found for the former, but not for the latter. In this study we ask whether the contrasting findings could also
be ascribed to differences in the level of difficulty of gain and rotation adaptation tasks, respectively. In order to increase
the difficulty of gain adaptation, younger and older participants had to adapt to a direction-dependent gain transformation.
Results revealed direction-dependent adaptation in both groups. More importantly, we replicated the typical findings of age-related
impairments of adaptation, but not of aftereffects, that were previously only reported for rotation adaptation. Younger participants
also showed superior explicit knowledge regarding the novel visuomotor mapping as compared to the older participants. We show
that this knowledge was used by younger participants to selectively augment adaptive shifts. Finally, our findings suggest
that the difficulty of the novel visuomotor transformation and, related to this, the involvement of explicit knowledge in
adaptation is critical for age-related changes to show up, but not the type of adaptation task, rotation and gain adaptation,
respectively. 相似文献
185.
Lasse Suonperä Liebst Richard Philpot Wim Bernasco Kasper Lykke Dausel Peter Ejbye-Ernst Mathias Holst Nicolaisen Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard 《Aggressive behavior》2019,45(6):598-609
Are individuals willing to intervene in public violence? Half a century of research on the “bystander effect” suggests that the more bystanders present at an emergency, the less likely each of them is to provide help. However, recent meta-analytical evidence questions whether this effect generalizes to violent emergencies. Besides the number of bystanders present, an alternative line of research suggests that pre-existing social relations between bystanders and conflict participants are important for explaining whether bystanders provide help. The current paper offers a rare comparison of both factors—social relations and the number of bystanders present—as predictors of bystander intervention in real-life violent emergencies. We systematically observed the behavior of 764 bystanders across 81 violent incidents recorded by surveillance cameras in Copenhagen, Denmark. Bystanders were sampled with a case–control design, their behavior was observed and coded, and the probability of intervention was estimated with multilevel regression analyses. The results confirm our predicted association between social relations and intervention. However, rather than the expected reversed bystander effect, we found a classical bystander effect, as bystanders were less likely to intervene with increasing bystander presence. The effect of social relations on intervention was larger in magnitude than the effect of the number of bystanders. We assess these findings in light of recent discussions about the influence of group size and social relations in human helping. Further, we discuss the utility of video data for the assessment of real-life bystander behavior. 相似文献
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Animal Cognition - Gaze following refers to the ability to co-orient with others’ gaze directions. Ontogenetic studies on gaze following in animals have predominantly used human experimenters... 相似文献
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Research on the relation between sound and meaning in language has reported substantial evidence for implicit associations between articulatory–acoustic characteristics of phonemes and emotions. In the present study, we specifically tested the relation between the acoustic properties of a text and its emotional tone as perceived by readers. To this end, we asked participants to assess the emotional tone of single stanzas extracted from a large variety of poems. The selected stanzas had either an extremely high, a neutral, or an extremely low average formant dispersion. To assess the average formant dispersion per stanza, all words were phonetically transcribed and the distance between the first and second formant per vowel was calculated. Building on a long tradition of research on associations between sound frequency on the one hand and non-acoustic concepts such as size, strength, or happiness on the other hand, we hypothesized that stanzas with an extremely high average formant dispersion would be rated lower on items referring to Potency (dominance) and higher on items referring to Activity (arousal) and Evaluation (emotional valence). The results confirmed our hypotheses for the dimensions of Potency and Evaluation, but not for the dimension of Activity. We conclude that, at least in poetic language, extreme values of acoustic features of vowels are a significant predictor for the emotional tone of a text. 相似文献
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