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181.
Consistent with the widely accepted notion of separate specification of movement amplitude and direction, it has been argued
that there is also a categorical difference between adaptation to novel visuomotor rotations and to novel visuomotor gains.
In line with this view, ageing seems to affect rotation and gain adaptation differently in that age-related impairments are
consistently found for the former, but not for the latter. In this study we ask whether the contrasting findings could also
be ascribed to differences in the level of difficulty of gain and rotation adaptation tasks, respectively. In order to increase
the difficulty of gain adaptation, younger and older participants had to adapt to a direction-dependent gain transformation.
Results revealed direction-dependent adaptation in both groups. More importantly, we replicated the typical findings of age-related
impairments of adaptation, but not of aftereffects, that were previously only reported for rotation adaptation. Younger participants
also showed superior explicit knowledge regarding the novel visuomotor mapping as compared to the older participants. We show
that this knowledge was used by younger participants to selectively augment adaptive shifts. Finally, our findings suggest
that the difficulty of the novel visuomotor transformation and, related to this, the involvement of explicit knowledge in
adaptation is critical for age-related changes to show up, but not the type of adaptation task, rotation and gain adaptation,
respectively. 相似文献
182.
There are different conceptions about how cognitive inhibition is related to creativity. Creativity has either been associated with effective inhibition, or with disinhibition, or with an adaptive engagement of inhibition. In this study, we examined the relationship of cognitive inhibition, assessed by means of the random motor generation task, with different measures of creativity. We also analyzed whether this relation is mediated by intelligence. We generally found a positive correlation of inhibition and creativity measures. Moreover, latent variable analyses indicate that inhibition may primarily promote the fluency of ideas, whereas intelligence specifically promotes the originality of ideas. These findings support the notion that creative thought involves executive processes and may help to better understand the differential role of inhibition and intelligence in creativity. 相似文献
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Mathias Frisch 《Topoi》2014,33(2):407-419
Many contemporary philosophers of physics (and philosophers of science more generally) follow Bertrand Russell in arguing that there is no room for causal notions in physics. Causation, as James Woodward has put it, has a ‘human face’, which makes causal notions sit ill with fundamental theories of physics. In this paper I examine a range of anti-causal arguments and show that the human face of causation is the face of scientific representations much more generally. Physics, like other sciences, is deeply permeated with causal reasoning. 相似文献
185.
Though dispositional forgiveness has been associated with affective well-being, it remains unclear whether these associations are consistent throughout adulthood. The current study investigated whether forgivingness interacted with chronological age or future time perspective to predict affect at the trait and daily level. Participants (n = 332, mean age: 45.5 years) completed baseline measures of forgivingness, positive and negative affect, and future time perspective, along with daily assessments of positive and negative affect for up to ten days. Results suggest that the associations between forgivingness and affective well-being differ somewhat based on age and future time perspective, and level of analysis. 相似文献
186.
Mathias Weber Stefan Aufenanger Michael Dreier Oliver Quiring Leonard Reinecke Klaus Wölfling Kai W. Müller Manfred E. Beutel 《Sexuality & culture》2018,22(4):1171-1188
The intensity of using sexually explicit internet material (SEIM) is contingent on users’ gender. However, gender differences in the motivations for watching SEIM have not yet been comprehensively explored. Drawing on a representative survey of German internet users, we therefore analyze how women and men use SEIM to satisfy escapist needs. Lower life satisfaction, the lack of a committed relationship, and feelings of loneliness contribute to predicting the frequency of using SEIM among men. Loneliness likewise fosters the consumption of SEIM among women, yet the effect is less pronounced. For female internet users, consumption of SEIM even increases in committed relationships and rather indicates a comparably high level of life satisfaction than dissatisfaction with life circumstances. Gender hence substantially moderates the connection between need structures and the consumption of SEIM. 相似文献
187.
Tomasi Roland Klemm Mathias Hinske Christian Ludwig Hulde Nikolai Schramm René Zwißler Bernhard von Dossow Vera 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2022,29(1):103-112
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - In this prospective observational pilot study patients with the diagnosis of end-stage lung disease and listed for lung transplantation... 相似文献
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