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81.
Edward J. R. Clarke Mathew Ling Emily J. Kothe Anna Klas Ben Richardson 《Journal of applied social psychology》2019,49(6):349-360
Research consistently shows that right‐wing ideological adherents are more likely to deny climate change. However, less is known about how right‐wing ideological subtypes are uniquely related to climate change denial, as well as what explains these relationships. This study examines whether threat to the socioeconomic system in the form of climate change mitigation policies, referred to as Climate Change Mitigation Threat (CCMT), mediates the relationships between Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) subtypes and four forms of climate change denial (existence denial, human cause denial, impact denial and climate science denial). U.S. participants (N = 334; Mage = 34.70, SD = 5.98) were recruited via Amazon MTurk. When shared variance in the predictors was accounted for, we found that: (a) Conventionalism (RWA‐C) positively predicted all forms of climate change denial; (b) Dominance (SDO‐D) positively predicted existence denial; (c) Anti‐Egalitarianism (SDO‐E) positively predicted both human cause and impact denial; and (d) Aggression (RWA‐A) negatively predicted existence denial. All significant direct relationships were partially mediated by CCMT, except for the direct paths between SDO‐D and existence denial, and RWA‐A and existence denial. These findings suggest that right‐wing adherents who conform to societal norms and prefer unequal social systems may deny climate change partly due to a perception that mitigation strategies proposed to combat climate change threaten the existing socioeconomic system. 相似文献
82.
Cerebellar norepinephrine modulates learning of delay classical eyeblink conditioning: evidence for post-synaptic signaling via PKA
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Cartford MC Samec A Fister M Bickford PC 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2004,11(6):732-737
The neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) has been shown to modulate cerebellar-dependent learning and memory. Lesions of the nucleus locus coeruleus or systemic blockade of noradrenergic receptors has been shown to delay the acquisition of several cerebellar-dependent learning tasks. To date, no studies have shown a direct involvement of cerebellar noradrenergic activity nor localized the post-synaptic response to cerebellar beta-noradrenergic receptor signaling. Using ipsilateral, localized infusions into cerebellar lobule HVI and interpositus (IP), we have established that blocking beta-noradrenergic receptors with propranolol significantly impairs acquisition of conditioned responses. Furthermore, interrupting activation of cAMP-dependent PKA in the cerebellum using Rp-cAMPS completely prevents acquisition. However, neither blocking beta-adrenergic receptors nor blocking PKA activation significantly interferes with performance of established conditioned responses when administered after the learned response is formed. 相似文献
83.
The present experiment examined the degree to which experience with different stimulus characteristics affects attentional capture, particularly as related to aging. Participants were presented with onset target/color singleton distractor or color singleton target/onset distractor pairs across three experimental sessions. The target/distractor pairs were reversed in the second session such that the target in the first session became the distractor in the second and third sessions. For both young and old adults previous experience with color as a target defining feature influenced oculomotor capture with task-irrelevant color distractors. Experience with sudden onsets had the same effect for younger and older adults, although capture effects were substantially larger for onset than for color distractors. Experience-based capture effects diminished relatively rapidly after target and distractor-defining properties were reversed. The results are discussed in terms of top-down and stimulus-driven effects on age-related differences in attentional control. 相似文献
84.
Kirschen MP Davis-Ratner MS Jerde TE Schraedley-Desmond P Desmond JE 《Behavioural neurology》2006,17(3-4):187-194
Phonologically similar items (mell, rell, gell) are more difficult to remember than dissimilar items (shen, floy, stap), likely because of mutual interference of the items in the phonological store. Low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), guided by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to disrupt this phonological confusion by stimulation of the left inferior parietal (LIP) lobule. Subjects received TMS or placebo stimulation while remembering sets of phonologically similar or dissimilar pseudo-words. Consistent with behavioral performance of patients with neurological damage, memory for phonologically similar, but not dissimilar, items was enhanced following TMS relative to placebo stimulation. Stimulation of a control region of the brain did not produce any changes in memory performance. These results provide new insights into how the brain processes verbal information by establishing the necessity of the inferior parietal region for optimal phonological storage. A mechanism is proposed for how TMS reduces phonological confusion and leads to facilitation of phonological memory. 相似文献
85.
Summers MJ 《Brain and cognition》2002,50(1):129-138
The neuropsychological performance of a right-handed man is examined following haemorrhage from the anterior sections of the right thalamus. A pattern of temporally graded retrograde amnesia, global anterograde amnesia, impaired short-term memory, behavioural changes, and severe executive deficits were identified. The deficits evident in this case are discussed in reference to existing neuropsychological literature regarding the consequences of thalamic infarction. It is proposed that damage to the anterior thalamic nuclei results in a frontal dysexecutive syndrome and that such a dysexecutive syndrome can explain the neuropsychological deficits observed in this case. 相似文献
86.
Mathew SJ Coplan JD Smith EL Scharf BA Owens MJ Nemeroff CB Mann JJ Gorman JM Rosenblum LA 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2002,5(3):185-193
Adolescent bonnet macaques nursed as infants by mothers facing unpredictable requirements for food procurement (variable foraging demand, VFD) display persistent neurobiological disturbances. This study examined the long-term neurochemical and behavioral effects of adverse rearing initiated later in infancy than in previous cohorts of subjects to test the hypothesis that the timing of an early adverse experience would influence patterns of biobehavioral outcome. Cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) concentrations were obtained from 20 bonnet macaques (11 VFD-reared and 9 normally reared controls) approximately 2 years after the end of differential rearing. VFD-reared primates displayed on multiple samplings significantly lower CSF CRF concentrations and higher CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration compared to controls. In the VFD-reared, significant inverse correlations between CRF and all three monoamines were found (5-HIAA, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol and homovanillic acid), most prominently for 5-HIAA. In controls, but not VFD-reared subjects, CSF CRF was positively correlated with changes in "gregariousness" upon presentation of a fear stimulus. VFD-reared subjects displayed greater baseline hierarchical engagement than controls. In contrast to prior findings, in which rearing under VFD conditions at an earlier age led to increased CSF CRF compared with controls, CSF CRF was lower after later exposure to VFD rearing than in controls. Thus, the timing of exposure to VFD conditions early in life evidently determines whether CSF CRF was found to be elevated or decreased, within the context of increased serotonin metabolism, during the course of primate maturation. 相似文献
87.
In the Drosophila mutant rutabaga, short-term memory is deficient and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration is reduced. We characterized the delayed-rectifier potassium current (IKDR) in rutabaga as compared with the wild-type. The conventional whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied to cultured Drosophila neurons derived from embryonic neuroblasts. IKDR was smaller in rutabaga (368±11 pA) than in wild-type (541±14 pA) neurons, measured in a Ca2+-free solution. IKDR was clearly activated at ~0 mV in the two genotypes. IKDR typically reached its peak within 10–20 msec after the start of the pulse (60 mV). There was no difference in inactivation of IKDR for wild-type (14±3%) and rutabaga (19±3%). After application of 10 mM TEA, in wild-type, IKDR was reduced by 46±5%, whereas in rutabaga, IKDR was reduced by 28±3%. Our results suggest that IKDR is carried by two different types of channels, one which is TEA-sensitive, whereas the other is TEA-insensitive. Apparently, the TEA-sensitive channel is less expressed in rutabaga neurons than in wild-type neurons. Conceivably, altered neuronal excitability in the rutabaga mutant could disrupt the processing of neural signals necessary for learning and memory. 相似文献
88.
Mathew SJ Coplan JD Schoepp DD Smith EL Rosenblum LA Gorman JM 《CNS spectrums》2001,6(7):555-6, 561-4
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a pathologic feature of certain mood and anxiety disorders that results in the increased production and secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor. There is increasing preclinical evidence that glutamate, an excitatory amino acid, plays an important role in the regulation of the HPA axis. Activation of glutamatergic projections to limbic structures such as the amygdala and brainstem structures such as the nucleus tractus solitarius is implicated in the stress response. There are laboratory and clinical suggestions that glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists function as antidepressants, and that chronic antidepressant treatments have a significant impact on NMDA receptor function. Clinical investigations of glutamate antagonists in patients with mood and anxiety disorders are in their infancy, with a few reports suggesting the presence of mood-elevating properties. Ultimately, HPA axis modulators, serotonin-enhancing agents, and glutamate antagonists might serve to increase neurotropic factors in key brain regions for affective and anxiety regulation, providing a putative final common pathway. 相似文献
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90.
Katherine L. Honeyman Arthur A. Stukas Mathew D. Marques 《Journal of applied social psychology》2016,46(9):529-543
Human trafficking involves severe violations of human rights and social action is required to combat it. Past research has identified emotional reactions to victims of trafficking, as well as the perceived cost and efficacy of actions, as significant predictors of willingness to get involved. We surveyed 216 Australians (70% female) to assess their perceptions of sex and labor trafficking and actions to reduce them. Results demonstrated that women reported greater personal distress (but not empathy) for victims than men, which was associated with greater willingness to take action. Women also perceived available actions to be more efficacious than men, which predicted willingness, while perceived cost of actions did not. Implications for promoting social action to reduce human trafficking are discussed. 相似文献