排序方式: 共有59条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Attending holistically versus analytically: comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Much research indicates that East Asians, more than Americans, explain events with reference to the context. The authors examined whether East Asians also attend to the context more than Americans do. In Study 1, Japanese and Americans watched animated vignettes of underwater scenes and reported the contents. In a subsequent recognition test, they were shown previously seen objects as well as new objects, either in their original setting or in novel settings, and then were asked to judge whether they had seen the objects. Study 2 replicated the recognition task using photographs of wildlife. The results showed that the Japanese (a) made more statements about contextual information and relationships than Americans did and (b) recognized previously seen objects more accurately when they saw them in their original settings rather than in the novel settings, whereas this manipulation had relatively little effect on Americans. 相似文献
32.
Masuda A Hayes SC Fletcher LB Seignourel PJ Bunting K Herbst SA Twohig MP Lillis J 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(11):2764-2772
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has previously been shown to alter stigmatizing attitudes and to be relatively useful for psychologically inflexible participants. The present study is the first to bring those two findings together by comparing ACT to an education intervention for reducing stigma toward people with psychological disorders, and examining whether results differ for psychologically inflexible versus flexible individuals. A sample of college students (N =95) was randomly assigned to a 2(1)2h ACT or educational workshop. Measures were taken before and after the workshop and at a 1-month follow-up. ACT reduced mental health stigma significantly regardless of participants' pre-treatment levels of psychological flexibility, but education reduced stigma only among participants who were relatively flexible and non-avoidant to begin with. Acceptance could be an important avenue of exploration for stigma researchers. 相似文献
33.
A Masuda M Price RD Latzman 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(1):107-115
Psychological flexibility and mindfulness are two related, but distinct, regulation processes that have been shown to be at
the core of psychological wellbeing. The current study investigated whether these two processes independently moderated the
association between disordered eating cognitions and psychological distress as well as the relation between disordered eating
cognitions and disordered eating behaviors. Non-clinical, ethnically diverse college undergraduates completed a web-based
survey. Of 278 participants (nfemale = 208; nmale = 70) aged 18–24 years old, disordered eating cognitions, mindfulness, and psychological flexibility were related to psychological
distress after controlling for gender, ethnicity, and body mass index. Disordered eating cognitions and mindfulness accounted
for unique variance in disordered eating behaviors. Finally, mindfulness was found to moderate the association between disordered
eating cognitions and disordered eating behaviors. 相似文献
34.
Akihiko Shimizu 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2012,46(4):569-583
While the emergence of the Internet and mobile telephone has allegedly changed our concept of self and emotions, the fundamental idea of a character seems to remain unchanged since literary characters came into ??stock?? in the early modern imagination. Focusing on the early modern literary sphere, this commentary examines how the contemporary avatar stems from the early modern concept of character. Taking some examples from the writings of Thomas Overbury, Ben Jonson and Shakespeare amongst others, it investigates the concept of character and the self in the literary, legal, and medical discourses. It then analyses the practical application of characters in the theatrical spheres. Following these findings, the study examines the dramatic texts and argues the importance of face in the character creation and apprehension, finding a curious correlation to the indispensable use of avatars on the Internet. The research thus indicates that the concept of characters is not only fundamental to the contemporary virtual life but also equally vital to the early modern literary experience, offering an alternative view to Simon Evans??s paper that examines the continuities of selves in the virtual and the physical worlds, as well as in the present and the past. 相似文献
35.
Jessica R. Morgan Matthew Price Stefan K. Schmertz Suzanne B. Johnson Akihiko Masuda Martha Calamaras 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2014,27(3):288-302
The present study examined whether pretreatment mindfulness exerts an indirect effect on outcomes following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Cognitive processes of probability and cost bias (i.e., overestimations of the likelihood that negative social events will occur, and that these events will have negative consequences when they do occur) were explored as potential mediators of the relation between mindfulness and social anxiety symptom change. People with higher levels of mindfulness may be better able to benefit from treatments that reduce biases because mindfulness may aid in regulation of attention. Sixty-seven individuals with a primary diagnosis of social phobia identifying public speaking as their greatest fear received eight sessions of one of two types of exposure-based CBT delivered according to treatment manuals. Participants completed self-report measures of mindfulness, probability bias, cost bias, and social anxiety symptoms. Mediation hypotheses were assessed by a bootstrapped regression using treatment outcome data. Pretreatment mindfulness was not related to change in social anxiety symptoms from pre- to posttreatment. However, mindfulness had an indirect effect on treatment outcome via its association with probability bias, but not cost bias, at midtreatment. These findings were consistent across three metrics of social anxiety symptoms. Mindfulness may play a role in response to CBT among individuals with social phobia through its relation with probability bias – even when the treatment does not target mindfulness. 相似文献
36.
Culture and decision‐making: Investigating cultural variations in the East Asian and North American online decision‐making processes 下载免费PDF全文
Liman Man Wai Li Takahiko Masuda Matthew J. Russell 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2015,18(3):183-191
Research in cross‐cultural psychology suggests that East Asians hold holistic thinking styles whereas North Americans hold analytic thinking styles. The present study examines the influence of cultural thinking styles on the online decision‐making processes for Hong Kong Chinese and European Canadians, with and without time constraints. We investigated the online decision‐making processes in terms of (1) information search speed, (2) quantity of information used, and (3) type of information used. Results show that, without time constraints, Hong Kong Chinese, compared to European Canadians, spent less time on decisions and parsed through information more efficiently, and Hong Kong Chinese attended to both important and less important information, whereas European Canadians selectively focused on important information. No cultural differences were found in the quantity of information used. When under time constraints, all cultural variations disappeared. The dynamics of cultural differences and similarities in decision‐making are discussed. 相似文献
37.
The purpose of this article was to offer an empirical test of J. H. Greenhaus and G. N. Powell's (2006) model of work-family enrichment by examining dispositional (i.e., core self-evaluations; CSEs) and situational (i.e., perceived organizational support; POS) factors associated with work-to-family enrichment (WFE) and whether these variables interact in predicting WFE. In a survey of 220 employed adults, our hierarchical regression analysis revealed that in highly supportive work environments, individuals reported high WFE regardless of CSE. However, when POS was low, individuals high in CSEs reported higher WFE than those low in CSEs, in support of conservation of resources theory (S. E. Hobfoll, 2002). Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
38.
In their examination of elementary science classrooms, Amerine and Bilmes (1988) found that following instructions requires students to understand the relationship between the projected outcome and the
corresponding course of actions. One of the most important resources for instructions is the lesson plan, which prescribes
the sequence of teaching. However, there is often a gap between what is planned and what actually happens in the classroom.
This raises the question of how teachers come to terms with contingent variants and unexpected outcomes that real-time interactions
occasion and how lesson plans are configured into these processes. This study examines a teacher education program that uses
lesson plans as a central resource for teaching mathematics. The results suggest that classroom teachers use lesson plans
as communicative resources to identify problems, specify assumptions about their teaching and act on the evolving contingency
of classroom interaction. The interactional contingency is the locus of teaching practices, not an obstacle to the application
of procedures in lesson plans. 相似文献
39.
Akihiko MasudaRobert D. Latzman 《Personality and individual differences》2011,51(4):435-438
Mental health stigma can be detrimental not only for the recipient, but also for the stigmatizer. As mental health stigma is often conceptualized as a multidimensional construct, Study 1 first examined the factor structure of mental health stigma as assessed by the Stigmatizing Attitudes-Believability (SAB; Masuda, Price, Anderson, Schmertz, & Calamaras, 2009). Study 2 investigated differential relations between the factor-analytically derived components of mental health stigma and psychological distress and psychological flexibility. Results of Study 1 revealed that mental health stigma consisted of two related, yet separable components: Exclusion and Course/Origin. The Exclusion component was characterized by negative emotions and cognitions associated with an increased desire for social distance. Course/Origin was marked by pessimistic views toward treatment prognosis and recovery. Results of Study 2 suggested that these two components have differential associations with psychological distress and flexibility. The Course/Origin component of stigma, but not Exclusion, was associated with psychological distress of the stigmatizer. Furthermore, this association was fully mediated by lower levels of psychological flexibility. These findings suggest the importance of conceptualizing mental health stigma multidimensionally. 相似文献
40.
Laurel A. McNall Jessica M. Nicklin Aline D. Masuda 《Journal of business and psychology》2010,25(3):381-396