Semantic holism

A bivalent valuation is snt iff sound (standard PC inference rules take truths only into truths) and non-trivial (not all wffs are assigned the same truth value). Such a valuation is normal iff classically correct for each connective. Carnap knew that there were non-normal snt valuations of PC, and that the gap they revealed between syntax and semantics could be jumped as follows. Let VAL _snt be the set of snt valuations, and VAL _nrm be the set of normal ones. The bottom row in the table for the wedge is not semantically determined by VAL _snt, but if one deletes from VAL _snt all those valuations that are not classically correct at the aforementioned row, one jumps straights to VAL _nrm and thus to classical semantics. The conjecture we call semantic holism claims that the same thing happens for any semantic indeterminacy in any row in the table of any connective of PC, i.e., to remove it is to jump straight to classical semantics. We show (i) why semantic holism is plausible and (ii) why it is nevertheless false. And (iii) we pose a series of questions concerning the number of possible steps or jumps between the indeterminate semantics given by VAL _snt and classical semantics given by VAL _nrm.     

A Step in the Right Direction: Measuring Indicators of Responsible Community Engagement in Samburu,Kenya

Journal of Academic Ethics - The inclusion of stakeholders and knowledge systems is increasingly valued in research to address complex socio-ecological challenges around the world. Often these...     

Leader Behavior,Work-Attitudes,and Turnover of Salespeople: An Integrative Study

Data were collected from the national field sales force of a major consumer goods manufacturer. The study develops a structural model of salespeople's perceptions of their supervisors' behaviors (i.e., leadership consideration and leadership role clarity), and the influence of supervisors' behaviors on the sales force's role perceptions, job anxiety, job satisfaction, propensities to leave and actual turnover. The study integrates previous research regarding sales force turnover to form the underpinning for the relationships between the constructs, and finds empirically that sales managers' leadership behaviors directly and indirectly influence job satisfaction, which influences salespeople's propensity to leave the organization and actual turnover.     

A Review of “The Transgender Child: A Handbook for Families and Professionals”

The program described in the present article focused on service member parents and their teenage children participating in camps together. The scope of the project was to provide an opportunity for military personnel who recently returned from deployment to reconnect with an adolescent after an extended absence due to deployment. The camps used the Campfire Curriculum, which included experiential learning, team-building experiences and nightly campfire programs from the Blue to You curriculum for military families. Open-ended responses from parent participants suggested that time together with their children, interacting with fellow service members and their kids, sharing stories, and opportunities for camaraderie were especially important and meaningful.     

Book reviews

Abstract

Family Therapy of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, by Edward Kaufman and Pauline N. Kaufmann. New York: Gardner Press, 1979, 276 pages, $24.95.

Family Therapy: An Interactional Approach, by Maurizio Andolfi. New York: Plenum Press, 1979, 170 pages, $19.95.

The Family: Evaluation and Treatment, edited by Charles K. Hofling and Jerry M. Lewis. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1980, 324 pages, $17.50.

Individual and Family Therapy: Toward an Integration, by Fred M. Sander, M.D. New York: Jason Aronson, Inc., 1979, 235 pages, $20.00.

Disorders of Sexual Desire and Other New Concepts and Techniques in Sex Therapy, by Helen Singer Kaplan. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1979, 237 pages, $17.50.

Medical Sexology, edited by Roman Forleo, M.D. and Willy Pasini, M.D. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, 1980, 664 pages, $44.50.

Group Psychotherapy and Personality: Intersecting Structures, by Henry Kellerman. New York: Grune &; Stratton, 1979, 345 pages, $19.50.     

The father-daughter dance: the relationship between father-daughter relationship quality and daughters' stress response

The goal of the study was to determine whether father-daughter relationship quality is related to activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (salivary cortisol) and autonomic nervous system (salivary alpha-amylase, sAA) in late adolescence-emerging adulthood during peer interactions. In the 1st study, reported father-daughter relationships characterized by rejection, chaos, and coercion had lower morning cortisol levels and were temperamentally more sensitive to emotional changes. In the 2nd study, young women who reported father-daughter relationships characterized by warmth, autonomy, support, and structure had lower pretask cortisol levels, and they had attenuated cortisol responses to problem discussion with a friend. In contrast, those who reported father-daughter relationships characterized by rejection, chaos, and coercion had higher pretask cortisol levels, had elevated cortisol in response to problem discussion with a friend, and were more likely to self-disclose about psychosocial stressors. No differences were observed between reported father-daughter relationship quality and sAA levels or task-related reactivity. The findings suggest that father-daughter interactions potentially influence both social cognition and HPA reactivity to developmentally salient stressors in young women.     

Progressive dysfluency associated with right hemisphere disease

A late onset progressive dysfluency following a right hemisphere stroke occurred in a 62-year-old male. Dysfluency was characterized by pronounced word and phrase reiterations, and sound and syllable reiterations to a lesser degree. Spontaneous speech was significantly more dysfluent than oral reading and repetition. Recitation and singing were minimally dysfluent. Reiterations were accompanied by reduced vocal loudness and increased rate of speech. Reiterations occurred in initial, medial, and final sentence position. Secondary symptoms such as facial grimacing were absent. In contrast to acquired cortical stuttering which is characterized by a preponderance of sound and syllable sentence initial repetitions, dysfluency was more closely characteristic of palilalia. The dysfluency occurred as a symptom of a diffuse nonspecific subcortical projection system defect related to massive infarction in the right middle cerebral artery distribution with associated atrophy.