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81.
学校氛围是学校中被成员所体验并对其行为产生影响的、相对持久而稳定的学校环境特征。它以成员的共同行为感知为基础,对学校和学生的发展具有重要作用。以PISA2003测试的数据为基础,采用多水平线性模型,考察了中国香港、日本、美国和土耳其的15岁学生及其所在学校的校长知觉的学校氛围对学生数学成绩的影响。结果显示:(1)学生知觉的师生关系、数学课堂秩序,校长知觉的学生士气、学校消极行为对数学成绩的显著预测作用具有较高的跨文化一致性;(2)数学课堂上的教师支持、教师负面状态、数学教师间的共识能显著预测部分国家/地区的学生数学成绩;(3)学生知觉的对学校的看法、校长知觉的教师士气对四个国家/地区的学生数学成绩均无显著预测作用。 相似文献
82.
分析自发性气胸(spontaneous pneumothorax,SP)出现失血性休克时的临床特点、探讨诊疗策略.分析331例SP并失血性休克的病例资料.结果采用手术治疗者效果最佳.SP致失血性休克者多见于青年男性,多为胸膜顶粘连带出血,急诊微创手术是治疗发展方向. 相似文献
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Previous studies have shown that an aphasic patient (AB) with a semantic short-term memory deficit (STM) had difficulties comprehending and producing sentences with structures that demanded the simultaneous retention of several individual word meanings (Martin & Freedman, 2001a, 2001b; Martin & Romani, 1994; Martin, Shelton, & Yaffee, 1994). The present study provides a replication of these findings with an additional case (ML) who shows a striking dissociation between preserved semantic knowledge and disrupted semantic STM. ML performed poorly on comprehension tasks for sentences that required the retention of single word meanings across several intervening words. In contrast, he did not show an effect of intervening words on processing grammatical relations. ML had difficulty producing adjective-noun phrases, though able to produce the individual nouns and adjectives. These findings support the contention that there is a semantic retention capacity, involved in both comprehension and production, that is separate from semantic knowledge representations. 相似文献
85.
Masao Ito 《International journal of psychology》1998,33(3):191-197
The brain of vertebrates consists of brainstem and spinal cord conducting reflexes, compound movements, and innate behaviour, and the cerebral neocortex generating sensorimotor function and association function. These five major functions are assisted by four regulatory systems: limbic system, basal ganglia, cerebellum and sleep-wakefulness brainstem centres. Consciousness contains three different levels, i.e., wakefulness, awareness and self-consciousness. Wakefulness is a fundamental brain function regulated by the brainstem wakefulness centres. Awareness represents integration of diverse sensory signals, largely in the neocortex, for the perception of what is going on in the external world. Consciousness in humans is directed to the self so that an individual is aware of what is going on in his or her internal world, i.e., the mind, and seems to be inherent to the association cortex, in particular the frontal lobe. Freud's id emerges from the hypothalamus and limbic system, whereas the ego involves both the sensorimotor and association cortices. The super-ego is likely to be embodied in part of the association cortex. When movement and thought are conceived as a control system function, instruction for control corresponds to the will which initiates these actions and which represents a positive aspect of consciousness. Though consciousness is related to brain structures in these ways, a crucial question remains as to how we subjectively experience will, affect or self-consciousness as a consequence of neuronal activities in the brain structures. 相似文献
86.
A study of antecedents of organizational commitment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Masao Tao Hiroto Takagi Masahiro Ishida & Kei Masuda 《The Japanese psychological research》1998,40(4):198-205
Various theories of organizational behaviors suggest that there should be significant relationships between the work-related variables and commitment to an organization. This study shows that, for a sample of 203 Japanese industrial workers, four components (attachment, internalization, normative, and continuance) of organizational commitment are predicted by organizational climate, supervisory behavior, organizational tenure, and role clarity. Implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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抑郁认知易感性应激模式的研究:起源、发展和整合 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
近年来,对抑郁易感性的研究,已经成为探寻抑郁心理病理的一个热点。文章介绍了抑郁易感性应激模型的相关定义、起源、及主要特点。介绍了在当代具有代表性的3个理论:(1)Abramson的抑郁无望理论;(2)Beck的认知易感理论;(3)双信息过程理论。尤其对抑郁认知易感性因素本身的起源、发展及影响因素进行了评述。最后,介绍了整合的抑郁认知易感性应激模型。在此基础上,提出了模型进一步完善和发展的方向 相似文献
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"网恋"及其伦理问题辨析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
“网恋”可划分为“网恋I”(通过网络恋爱 )和“网恋II”(纯粹的网恋 )两种类型 ,由“网恋”引发的伦理问题可分为“问题I”、“问题II”和“问题III”。这种区分有助于分辨网恋带来的不同性质的伦理问题 ,针对不同类型的网恋及其问题 ,提出不同的应对方法。 相似文献