赌博游戏中的near-miss效应

near-miss效应是指在赌博中, 与一般的输钱和赢钱相比, “几乎赢(near-miss)”的输钱会诱发个体更高的生理唤醒和更强的赌博动机, 从而导致个体持续赌博的一种现象, 是导致赌博成瘾的主要诱因之一。针对这种现象的研究范式大致有三种：老虎机/类老虎机任务、轮盘任务和刮刮乐彩票任务。这种现象的理论解释目前主要有认知曲解假说、控制幻觉理论和受挫假说。near-miss效应的脑机制和病理研究才刚刚起步, 所涉及到的脑功能区域主要包括脑岛、腹侧纹状体等。未来的研究应在near-miss效应发生机制的理论模型建构、研究范式多样化、研究技术多模态化、病理机制和临床干预等方面进一步展开。     

北京都城隍庙考

北京都城隍庙始建于元,迄今730余年.随着时局的变迁,如今的都城隍庙只有后殿"寝祠"幸存,旧日恢弘的建筑、庄严的祭礼,以及商贾云集的庙市早已淡出了人们的记忆.本文试图对都城隍庙从多个角度进行考证梳理,力求建立起一个对都城隍庙进行整体认知的构架.     

缪勒比较宗教学与伊利亚德宗教现象学方法之比较研究——宗教研究的方法论及学科旨归

缪勒的比较宗教学借助比较语言学进路,试图对宗教现象作出科学的归纳与解释,并赋予宗教研究以独立学科地位.但其方法论中充斥着自然科学的客体化、实在化特征,化约了宗教作为人类存在活动的主体性本质,将宗教学研究的最终旨归确立为内涵含混的客观真理,宗教学术活动从而成了对宗教信仰或宗教性的化约,宗教研究和宗教之间的矛盾对立在缪勒的体系中凸显出来.伊利亚德的宗教现象学方法则倡导"非化约主义",在宗教研究中使宗教近乎其所是的显现自身,"神圣"因素成为宗教最终不可化约的特质和宗教学的学科母体,而体验"神圣"、以宗教性方式生存的"宗教人"则成为宗教活动中的主体.     

科学与迷信正在网络空间中较量

本文分析了一年多来,由自然灾害频发使国家、民族蒙受损失,导致人们精神上的迷茫,媒体中伪科学和迷信的话语权决不可低估的现实,提醒人们要用科学的知识、精神与方法去鉴别真伪,指出科学与伪科学迷信的较量,面临的形势仍很严峻。希望《科学与无神论》杂志向各级领导干部、公务员、媒体编辑记者、学者和教师进行科学与无神论的宣传。     

Mercurial Hearts: A Dyadic Perspective on the Role of Affect Spin in Work-Family Conflict and Marital Satisfaction

Affect spin, or the dispositional maladaptive tendency to experience qualitatively shifting affective states over time, has attracted growing interest in organizational scholarship. We take a first step to extend affect spin research to the work-family interface. Drawing on the theoretical framework of personality in the stress process and family systems theory, we examine affect spin as a novel predictor of marital satisfaction and as a boundary condition for the interpersonal crossover of work-family conflict (WFC) to marital satisfaction. A sample of 201 dual-earner couples (402 participants) provided 7,533 experience sampling responses of affective states at home over 7 days, based on which we compute affect spin. Results from dyadic multilevel modeling suggest that individuals’ own affect spin not only takes a toll on their marital satisfaction but also exacerbates the negative crossover of spouses’ WFC to individuals’ marital satisfaction. In contrast, spouses’ affect spin does not predict individuals’ marital satisfaction nor does it impact the crossover effect of spouses’ WFC, suggesting individuals’ own affect spin, compared to spouses’ affect spin, is more consequential for marital well-being. These findings underscore the challenge that affect spin presents for employees to tackle work-family stressors and secure marital well-being.     

Azure-winged Magpies would rather avoid losses than strive for benefits based on reciprocal altruism

Animal Cognition - It is no doubt that the reciprocal altruism of humans is unparalleled in the animal world. However, how strong altruistic behavior in the non-human animal is still very...