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21.
Noriko Shikai Masayo Uji Zi Chen Hidetoshi Hiramura Nao Tanaka Masahiro Shono Toshinori Kitamura 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(4):241-248
Coping styles and self-efficacy have been recognized as important determinants of dysphoric mood. The objectives of this study
were to determine the influence of these two factors on depression and anxiety in Japanese students. A set of questionnaires,
including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and the Self-efficacy
Scale (SES) was distributed to 146 nursing students. Structural equation modelling was conducted to specify the relationships
between measured variables. The HAD depression and anxiety scores were predicted by emotion-oriented coping. The HAD depression
alone was predicted by avoidance-oriented coping. Self-efficacy scores predicted the emotion-oriented coping and HAD depression
scores. Students’ dysphoric moods were influenced by emotional-oriented coping that mediated the effects of low self-efficacy,
and self-efficacy also had a direct effect on depression. 相似文献
22.
This study examined the relationship between the sense of authenticity and affectivity, which is under the control of the cultural construal of the self. Japanese university students (N=287) rated themselves on the Sense of Authenticity Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Scale for Independent and Interdependent Construal of the Self. Analysis indicated that the Sense of Authenticity increased Positive Affect and decreased Negative Affect, regardless of the scores on Independent and Interdependent Self-construal. 相似文献
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24.
The presence of information in a visual display does not guarantee its use by the visual system. Studies of inversion effects in both face recognition and biological-motion perception have shown that the same information may be used by observers when it is presented in an upright display but not used when the display is inverted. In our study, we tested the inversion effect in scrambled biological-motion displays to investigate mechanisms that validate information contained in the local motion of a point-light walker. Using novel biological-motion stimuli that contained no configural cues to the direction in which a walker was facing, we found that manipulating the relative vertical location of the walker's feet significantly affected observers' performance on a direction-discrimination task. Our data demonstrate that, by themselves, local cues can almost unambiguously indicate the facing direction of the agent in biological-motion stimuli. Additionally, we document a noteworthy interaction between local and global information and offer a new explanation for the effect of local inversion in biological-motion perception. 相似文献
25.
To examine the influence of muscle fatigue on center of pressure displacement during quiet standing using quantitative and fractal analyses, 12 healthy young men and women did the exercise stress test on the triceps surae muscle until fatigued. Subjects were measured for body stability for 60 sec. before and after the exercise. Quantitative analysis showed that center-of-pressure parameters for distance, velocity, amplitude distribution, and mean vector length of sway in the anterior/posterior direction changed significantly after muscle fatigue but not on the periodic parameters. This result suggested that quantitative analysis may identify the effects of muscle fatigue on the parameters that show displacement in the anterior/posterior direction of center of pressure. Fractal analysis indicated the value of critical point coordinates increased after muscle fatigue. This analysis can clarify the fundamental postural control strategy and time-series characteristics of postural sway which cannot be identified by spectral analysis. 相似文献
26.
Given Leonardo's constraint that 2 opaque objects cannot be seen in the same direction, how are the regions of objects occluded to 1 eye included in perception? To answer this question, the authors presented 3-dimensional stimuli, similar to the ones that concerned Leonardo, and measured the visual directions of their monocular and binocular regions. When the distance between near and far objects was large, the nonfixated object was seen as double and blurry. Leonardo's constraint was met by seeing the near object as double and transparent or the distant object as double and superimposed. When the distance between near and far objects was small, the constraint was met by a perceptual displacement and compression of parts of the nonfixated object. 相似文献
27.
This study aimed to investigate whether the isotropy bias (estimating one's own motor variance as an approximately circular distribution rather than a vertically elongated distribution) arises in tennis players for the estimation of the two-dimensional variance for forehand strokes in tennis (Experiment 1), as well as the process underlying the isotropy bias (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 31 tennis players were asked to estimate prospectively their distribution of ball landing positions. They were then instructed to hit 50 forehand strokes. We compared the eccentricity of the ellipse calculated from estimated and observed landing positions. Eccentricity was significantly smaller in the estimated ellipse than in the observed ellipse. We assumed that the isotropy bias for the estimated ellipse comes from the process of variance estimation. In Experiment 2, nine participants estimated the 95% confidence interval of 300 dots. Eccentricity was significantly smaller in their estimated ellipses than it was in the ellipses for the dots, though the magnitude of bias decreased for the estimation of dots. These results suggest that the isotropy bias in tennis ball landing position includes the bias of recognizing landing position and the bias of estimating the ellipse confidence interval from the recognized landing position. 相似文献
28.
Philosophical Studies - This paper considers fair betting odds for certain bets that might be placed in the situation discussed in the so-called Sleeping Beauty Problem. This paper examines what... 相似文献
29.
Katsuo Tamaoka Kim Kirsner Yushi Yanase Yayoi Miyaoka Masahiro Kawakami 《Behavior research methods》2002,34(2):260-275
In 1981, the Japanese government published a list of the 1,945 basic Japanese kanji (Jooyoo Kanjihyo), including specifications
of pronunciation. This list was established as the standard for kanji usage in print. The database for 1,945 basic Japanese
kanji provides 30 cells that explain in detail the various characteristics of kanji. Means, standard deviations, distributions,
and information related to previous research concerning these kanji are provided in this paper. The database is saved as a
Microsoft Excel 2000 file for Windows. This kanji database is accessible on the Web site of the Oxford Text Archive, Oxford
University (http://ota.ahds.ac.uk). Using this database, researchers and educators will be able to conduct planned experiments
and organize classroom instruction on the basis of the known characteristics of selected kanji. 相似文献
30.
This study was conducted to assess the effect of pupil size on dynamic visual acuity (DVA). 60 young healthy men (M = 28.1 yr., SD = 3.9) with normal vision were divided into three age-matched groups by pupil size: dilated (n=20), unchanged (n=20), and constricted (n=20). DVA was measured binocularly with freehead viewing before and at 30 min. after each drop was instilled. Each of the three groups got a different amount. The sizes of the constricted, unchanged, and dilated pupils were 2.8 mm (SD = 0.5), 4.1 mm (SD = 0.3), and 7.8 mm (SD = 0.5), respectively. The pupil size x DVA interaction was significant (F(2,114)= 6.07). DVA in the constricted pupil decreased, but that in the dilated pupil increased (paired t test). DVA in the unchanged pupil did not change significantly (paired t test). Pupil size is possibly one of the factors which may affect DVA measurement. 相似文献