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251.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate possible determinants of perceived choice. The first experiment employed an observer paradigm and the second employed an actor paradigm. The results of both studies provided evidence for the hypotheses that perceived choice will be greater when there is a small difference in attractiveness between outcome alternatives than when there is a large difference and under conditions of low certainty about the attractiveness of each outcome alternative than under conditions of high certainty. Also, the results of both studies provided some evidence for the hypothesis that the effect of the relative difference in attractiveness upon perceived choice will be greater under conditions of low certainty than under conditions of high certainty. The hypothesis that perceived choice will be less when there is no difference in attractiveness between outcome alternatives than when there is a small difference was not supported by the results of the first experiment but was supported by the results of the second experiment. The hypothesis that perceived choice will be greater the more time a person takes to select an action from possible actions was supported by results of the first experiment but not by those of the second experiment. The results for the relative difference and certainty variables were discussed in terms of a theoretical analysis of perceived choice. 相似文献
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Summary Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, psychometric functions were generated for tones of 988 Hz of 16 and 64 ms duration. The results indicate that for detection, both durations are within critical duration, i.e., equal detection levels were obtained for stimuli of equal energy. In the second experiment, pairs of equal-energy, equally detectable tones of 16 and 64 ms were used to test the ability of subjects to discriminate between them. The results indicate that equal-energy, equally detectable tones of different intensities and durations are discriminable from one another although the durations do not exceed the limits of complete reciprocity when the response measure is detection. Two different interpretations are presented and discussed.The authors would like to thank Jacob Gutgold and Miriam Izaks for their aid with the equipment and experiment. 相似文献
254.
Harvey A Hornstein Janos Marton Arlene Hedy Rupp Kenneth Sole Ross Tartell 《Journal of experimental social psychology》1980,16(4):362-375
Two laboratory experiments are reported. Each investigates the bias that social relationships exert on a subject's propensity to recall another's completed and uncompleted tasks. Using closed circuit television, subjects in both experiments observed a bogus other working on a set of puzzles. The person working completed only one-half of the puzzles. In three of the six experimental conditions in both experiments, subjects believed that the remaining puzzles could be completed at a later time. In the first experiment, a subject's relationship to the other was determined by cooperative, competitive, or individualistic economic incentives. In the second, the relationship was determined simply by their similarity or dissimilarity on a bogus personality test. Utilizing a combination of Lewinian assumptions and contemporary theory about memory, we hypothesized that the opportunity to resume work would result in an increased propensity to recall uncompleted tasks in the competitive (or dissimilar) conditions and a decreased propensity to do so in the cooperative (or similar) conditions. Results confirmed this hypothesis. Additional data in both experiments suggest that subjects' relationships with the bogus other altered the accessibility of this information. Theoretical implications of these findings and their relationship to research on prosocial behavior are discussed. 相似文献
255.
Nigel Harvey 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1980,32(3):413-425
The category of a first stimulus (S1) serving as a cue may allow a subject to predict the category of a second stimulus (S2). However, a cue may have effects on RT to S2 that are independent of those derived from its intended role as a predictor. These non-informative effects of a cue may add to or subtract from the benefits associated with its predictive function. Two experiments demonstrate that when S1 is in the same category as S2 (as is frequently the case for valid cues in cueing experiments) but provides no information about S2, RT is slower than when S1 is in a different category from S2. It is suggested that this category relation effect arises because inhibition of a response to S1 is still present when S2 arrives and that, in some cueing experiments, it may subtract from the RT benefits derived from the cue as a predictor of S2. Also, RT to a visual but not to an auditory S2 was faster after an auditory S1 than after a visual S1. It is argued that this modality combination effect is consistent with the view that auditory signals are more alerting than visual ones and that this is another factor to be taken into account in the design of cueing and other experiments. 相似文献
256.
Michael A. Harvey Ph.D. 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1980,2(4):263-274
The process of learning to conduct family therapy involves encountering and mastering specific issues which can be conceptualized as occurring in a hierarchy of stages. This article describes five stages in the development of a beginning family therapist: immobilization, collecting techniques, examination of self, in search of a theory, and maintaining energy. 相似文献
257.
Martin Mathilde Gridley Tess Fourie Dorothy Elwen Simon Harvey Charrier Isabelle 《Animal cognition》2022,25(6):1461-1472
Animal Cognition - The Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) is one of the most colonial mammal species in the world. Females exclusively nurse their pups for 9 to 11 months,... 相似文献
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