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241.
Control networks and neuromodulators of early development 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In adults, most cognitive and emotional self-regulation is carried out by a network of brain regions, including the anterior cingulate, insula, and areas of the basal ganglia, related to executive attention. We propose that during infancy, control systems depend primarily upon a brain network involved in orienting to sensory events that includes areas of the parietal lobe and frontal eye fields. Studies of human adults and alert monkeys have shown that the brain network involved in orienting to sensory events is moderated primarily by the nicotinic cholinergic system arising in the nucleus basalis. The executive attention network is primarily moderated by dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area. A change from cholinergic to dopaminergic modulation would be a consequence of this switch of control networks and may be important in understanding early development. We trace the attentional, emotional, and behavioral changes in early development related to this developmental change in regulative networks and their modulators. 相似文献
242.
Mary McMahon Mark Watson Candice Chetty Christopher Norman Hoelson 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2012,40(2):127-141
The present article examines how the five process constructs of reflection, connectedness, meaning making, learning and agency are operationalised in a constructivist approach to career counselling, specifically a storytelling approach. This article reports on an exploratory case study of a Black South African female university student. The case study provides examples of how a career counsellor enacts these constructs and facilitates their development in a client, as well as examples of how they are evident in client dialogue and action. Insight into the process of a storytelling approach to narrative career counselling is demonstrated, from which tentative suggestions are made about how to facilitate the process constructs of reflection, connectedness, meaning making, learning and agency. 相似文献
243.
Mary C. Walsh 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(6):893-896
This article explores the use of Graves’ theory of the soul as an interdisciplinary tool to facilitate a holistic approach
to healing. Graves’ discussion is applied to the use of therapeutic interventions to facilitate the emergent processes of
healing and spiritual growth in traumatized persons. 相似文献
244.
Mary Clark Moschella 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(1):95-98
Spiritual autobiography groups constitute a form of ministry that can potentially enrich the lives of older adults, their
families, and their congregations. Such groups, when competently led, provide participants with an environment in which they
can make meaning out of their lives, grieve their losses, and give and receive support. The actions and interactions involved
in composing, telling, and hearing life stories are salutary exercises that can increase participants’ experiences of clarity,
coherence, and connection to God and to each other. The spiritual wisdom that emerges from such life stories, when shared
within congregations, can enhance intergenerational relationships and lead to spiritual growth for members of diverse ages. 相似文献
245.
This paper describes how different self‐construals influence people's perception of temporal distance and in turn their task evaluation. We hypothesize that people with a more accessible interdependent (vs. independent) self‐construal perceive future events as temporally more proximal, and that people's reaction toward a task is intensified when the temporal distance to the task matches (vs. mismatches) their self‐construal. Across four studies, we showed that individuals with a more accessible interdependent self‐construal (Study 1) and East Asians (Study 2) perceived future events as more proximal than those with a more accessible independent self‐construal and European Americans. Further, when considering a task at a temporal distance that fits their self‐construal, individuals perceived a pleasant task as more motivating (Study 3) and an unpleasant task as less motivating (Study 4).
相似文献
246.
Mary Healy 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2011,30(3):229-240
This paper seeks to examine the plausibility of the concept of ‘Civic Friendship’ as a philosophical model for a conceptualisation
of ‘belonging’. Such a concept, would hold enormous interest for educators in enabling the identification of particular virtues,
attitudes and values that would need to be taught and nurtured to enable the civic relationship to be passed on from generation
to generation. I consider both of the standard arguments for civic friendship: that it can be understood within the Aristotelian
typology as either a form of utility friendship or as a form of virtue friendship. I argue that civic friendship may not be
the most appropriate model and that attempts to resolve the problems through looking on it as a political metaphor leave it
unable to fulfil the function for which it was originally designed in Ancient Greece. Finally, I emphasize the need to carefully
consider which particular metaphors we choose for civic relationships and how we subsequently use them. 相似文献
247.
Pomerantz JR Portillo MC 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(5):1331-1349
Gestalt phenomena are often so powerful that mere demonstrations can confirm their existence, but Gestalts have proven hard to define and measure. Here we outline a theory of basic Gestalts (TBG) that defines Gestalts as emergent features (EFs). The logic relies on discovering wholes that are more discriminable than are the parts from which they are built. These wholes contain EFs that can act as basic features in human vision. As context is added to a visual stimulus, a hierarchy of EFs appears. Starting with a single dot and adding a second yields the first two potential EFs: the proximity (distance) and orientation (angle) between the two dots. A third dot introduces two more potential EFs: symmetry and linearity; a fourth dot produces surroundedness. This hierarchy may extend to collinearity, parallelism, closure, and more. We use the magnitude of Configural Superiority Effects to measure the salience of EFs on a common scale, potentially letting us compare the strengths of various grouping principles. TBG appears promising, with our initial experiments establishing and quantifying at least three basic EFs in human vision. 相似文献
248.
249.
Prior research has demonstrated robust sex and sexual orientation-related differences in object location memory in humans. Here we show that this sexual variation may depend on the spatial position of target objects and the task-specific nature of the spatial array. We tested the recovery of object locations in three object arrays (object exchanges, object shifts, and novel objects) relative to veridical center (left compared to right side of the arrays) in a sample of 35 heterosexual men, 35 heterosexual women, and 35 homosexual men. Relative to heterosexual men, heterosexual women showed better location recovery in the right side of the array during object exchanges and homosexual men performed better in the right side during novel objects. However, the difference between heterosexual and homosexual men disappeared after controlling for IQ. Heterosexual women and homosexual men did not differ significantly from each other in location change detection with respect to task or side of array. These data suggest that visual space biases in processing categorical spatial positions may enhance aspects of object location memory in heterosexual women. 相似文献
250.
Staci Martin Pamela L. Wolters Andrea Baldwin Marie Claire Roderick Mary Anne Toledo-Tamula Andrea Gillespie Brigitte Widemann 《Journal of genetic counseling》2014,23(5):796-804
Youth with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have multiple, complex symptoms associated with physical, social-emotional, and cognitive difficulties. In addition, caring for a child with NF1 can be extremely challenging for parents. Since research with other chronic illness populations suggests that social support, including internet support groups (ISGs), can be beneficial, this survey study aimed to determine the attitudes and preferences of adolescents and young adults with NF1 and parents of a child with NF1 regarding ISGs. Thirty patients and 30 caregivers completed a 24-item survey about ISGs. Many patients and parents are not aware of any ISGs for NF1, but are interested in using one in the future for a variety of reasons, including to get answers to their questions about NF1, to find out about research studies, and to discuss problems and concerns about NF1. Specific concerns of interest include physical, social-emotional, and cognitive aspects of NF1. ISGs have potential as a social support intervention within the NF1 community. ISGs for the NF1 population should include patients with NF1 (or parents of children with NF1) as well as a health professional, and both chat rooms and discussion boards likely would be well-received. 相似文献