Milburn NG  Rotheram-Borus MJ  Rice E  Mallet S  Rosenthal D 《American journal of community psychology》2006,37(1-2):63-76

Cross-national comparisons of homeless youth in Melbourne, Australia, and Los Angeles, CA, United States were conducted. Newly (n = 427) and experienced (n = 864) homeless youth were recruited from each site. Compared to Australia, homeless youth in the United States were younger, more likely to be in school or jail, demonstrated fewer sexual and substance use risk acts, fewer suicidal acts, and reported less need for social services. Across sites, experienced homeless youth were more likely to be older, male, engage in sexual and substance use, report greater need for social services, and make greater use of work, substance use, and health-related services. Homeless youth have different behavioral profiles in Australia and the United States, reflecting differences in the effectiveness of service systems in the two countries in keeping youth with fewer problems out of homelessness.  相似文献   

    

Michael D. Mumford  Katrina E. Bedell‐Avers  Samuel T. Hunter  Jazmine Espejo  Dawn Eubanks  Mary Shane Connelly 《Journal of applied social psychology》2008,38(6):1521-1561

Multiple models have been proposed to account for violence among ideological groups. To identify critical variables contributing to violent behavior in these groups, violent ideological groups were compared to relevant comparison groups. A historically based content analysis was conducted to assess these groups with respect to a number of variables examining leader, group, organizational, and environmental attributes held to influence violence. Discriminant analyses revealed that violent ideological groups differed from comparison groups with respect to leader extremism, group righteousness, organizational indoctrination, and environmental conflict and disruption. Regression analyses revealed that these discriminant functions predicted a number of notable violent and ideological criteria. The implications of these findings for understanding the origins of violence in ideological groups are discussed.  相似文献   

  总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Keehner M  Hegarty M  Cohen C  Khooshabeh P  Montello DR 《Cognitive Science》2008,32(7):1099-1132

Three experiments examined the effects of interactive visualizations and spatial abilities on a task requiring participants to infer and draw cross sections of a three-dimensional (3D) object. The experiments manipulated whether participants could interactively control a virtual 3D visualization of the object while performing the task, and compared participants who were allowed interactive control of the visualization to those who were not allowed control. In Experiment 1, interactivity produced better performance than passive viewing, but the advantage of interactivity disappeared in Experiment 2 when visual input for the two conditions in a yoked design was equalized. In Experiments 2 and 3, differences in how interactive participants manipulated the visualization were large and related to performance. In Experiment 3, non-interactive participants who watched optimal movements of the display performed as well as interactive participants who manipulated the visualization effectively and better than interactive participants who manipulated the visualization ineffectively. Spatial ability made an independent contribution to performance on the spatial reasoning task, but did not predict patterns of interactive behavior. These experiments indicate that providing participants with active control of a computer visualization does not necessarily enhance task performance, whereas seeing the most task-relevant information does, and this is true regardless of whether the task-relevant information is obtained actively or passively.  相似文献   

    

Ellen P. Cook  Mary J. Heppner  Karen M. O'Brien 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2005,33(3):165-179

Any framework used to conceptualize the career development of women and of racial and ethnic minorities must accommodate multiple influences shaping their experiences concurrently and over time. An ecological model of counseling is proposed to expand conceptualizations and interventions of counseling practice with diverse groups of individuals. Cualquier armazón utilizado para conceptualizar el desarrollo de la carrera de mujeres y de minorías raciales y étnicas debe acomodar múltiples influencias que forman sus experiencias concurrentemente y con el tiempo. Un modelo ecológico de aconsejar se propone ensanchar las conceptualizaciones y las intervenciones de aconsejar la práctica con grupos diversos de individuos.  相似文献   

    

Shelley A. Jackson  Mary Louise Holt  Kaye W. Nelson 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2005,33(4):205-216

This study examined the attributions made by school counselors about responsibility for the causes of and solutions to students' problems. A total of 433 school counselors completed an instrument measuring attributions of responsibility and controllability of student problems. The hypothesis was supported that school counselors' attribution styles differ according to counselor ethnicity. Este estudio examinó las atribuciones hechas por consejeros de escuela acerca de responsabilidad para las causas de y de las soluciones a los problemas de los estudiantes. Un suma de 433 consejeros de la escuela completó un instrumento que mide atribuciones de responsabilidad y la habilidad de controlar los problemas de los estudiantes. La hipótesis se sostuvo que los estilos de atribución de los consejeros de escuela se difieren según el origin étnico del consejero.  相似文献   

    

Mary Lee Nelson  Sharon Gizara  Anna Crombach Hope  Rosemary Phelps  Robbie Steward  Lauren Weitzman 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2006,34(2):105-115

Sixteen members of the Section for the Advancement of Women conference work group identified themes and issues relevant to a feminist multicultural perspective on supervision. Issues raised included feminist silence and White privilege, the importance of self‐examination, the courage to be anxious, personal commitment to uncertainty, and isolation versus support. Specific risks for supervisors and supervisees participating in feminist multicultural supervision are identified. Dieciséis miembros de una Sección para el Adelantamiento de Mujeres conferencia de grupo del trabajo identificaron los temas y ausuntos pertinente de una perspectiva feminista multicultural en la supervisión. Los asuntos elevados incluyeron el silencio feminista y el privilegio Blanco, la importancia del autoexamen, el valor para estar ansioso, compromiso personal para la incertidumbre, y el aislamiento en oposicion de apoyo. Los riesgos específicos para supervisores y supervisa tomando parte en la supervisión feminista multicultural se identifica.  相似文献   

    

Mary M. Gergen  Kenneth J. Gergen 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2004,14(4):299-301

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  总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hegarty M 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2004,8(6):280-285

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Wituk SA  Shepherd MD  Warren M  Meissen G 《American journal of community psychology》2002,30(3):349-366

Despite the growing utilization of self-help groups, there have been only a handful of studies that have examined the factors that contribute to their survival. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that contribute to self-help group survival by examining their relationship with external sources (i.e., national and local self-help organizations, professionals) and group organizational characteristics (i.e., leadership diversification, recruitment, attendance at group meetings). Representatives from 245 active and 94 recently disbanded self-help groups were included in the analysis. Results indicated that the primary factors that discriminated between active and disbanded groups were the number of new people to attend a meeting, average group meeting attendance, length of existence, leadership diversification, outreach to potential group members, and support from national and local organizations. Results are discussed in terms of what national self-help organizations, self-help clearinghouses, and others who interact with self-help groups can do to empower and support them.  相似文献   

    

Mary McMahon 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2005,42(1):29-38

In recent years, career development and career counseling have increasingly been informed by concepts emanating from the constructivist worldview. For example, the Systems Theory Framework (STF; M. McMahon, 2002; M. McMahon & W. Patton, 1995; W. Patton & M. McMahon, 1997, 1999) of career development has been proposed as a metatheoretical account of career development. Furthermore, its theoretical constructs may be applied to career counseling. Thus, the STF provides a theoretical and practical consistency to career counseling and addresses concerns about a gulf between career theory and practice. This article discusses the practical application of the STF of career development as a guide to career counseling.  相似文献