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241.
Gender issues in the male-dominated profession of law enforcement have not been closely examined. In the current study, 52 female officers of a state highway patrol agency were matched with 52 male officers. Participants completed a confidential assessment packet to examine their satisfaction with work, perceived stress, physical symptoms, daily hassles, and aspects of burnout. Results suggest that male officers experience a greater degree of perceived stress and emotional exhaustion and greater dissatisfaction with their work than do women. In female officers, perceived stress was related to physical symptoms, dissatisfaction with the nature of the work, dissatisfaction with co-workers, and feelings of emotional exhaustion. In male officers, perceived stress was related to physical symptoms, dissatisfaction with co-workers, dissatisfaction with work, and emotional exhaustion. Gender differences in terms of officers'expectations and beliefs about the profession as well as the possible differential effects of marital status on occupational stress are discussed. 相似文献
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244.
Mary Lou Cheal Don R. Lyon Lawrence R. Gottlob 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1994,47(3):699-739
The effects of attention on visual perception are assessed in the location-precuing paradigm. First, we present a review of some current metaphors for attention and relevant data. Then, a framework is suggested that provides an interpretation of the temporal sequence of external and assumed internal processes within a location-cuing trial. Cases when a precue correctly indicates the target location (valid trials) are compared to cases when the precue directs attention to the wrong location (invalid trials) with the cue location either at fixation or peripheral to the target location. Several specific hypotheses are suggested; these concern decrements in performance on invalid trials and effects of the location of a precue. For the most part, these hypotheses are supported by data in the literature and in some new studies. A gradient-filter metaphor for attention, which includes a synthesis of ideas from the gradient model and the attention gate model, is more consistent with the data than is a spotlight metaphor. 相似文献
245.
246.
Sarah Ewens Aldert Vrij Minhwan Jang Eunkyung Jo 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2014,11(3):244-252
The present experiment investigated the behavioural patterns of interviewees when comparing their baseline behaviour, prior to the interview, with their behaviour during the investigative interview. Similar to what has been advised in the police literature, the truthful baseline behaviour was established prior to the interview through non‐threatening questions. The investigative part of the interview then followed in which the interviewee was aware that they would be assessed on whether they were lying. During the investigative part, interviewees either discussed the job that they had (truth tellers, n = 128) or pretended to have (liars, n = 115). Findings revealed that both liars and truth tellers' behavioural patterns differed between the baseline behaviour and the investigative part of the interview. The findings suggest small talk should not be used as a baseline comparison with the investigative part of the interview when determining if the interviewee is being deceitful. An alternative way of using a baseline lie detection method, the comparable truth method, is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
247.
The Heart of the Matter: An Essay about the Effects of Managed Care on Family Therapy with Children*
Ellen Pulleyblank Coffey Ph.d. Mary E. Olson Ph.d. Phebe Sessions Ph.d. 《Family process》2001,40(4):385-399
This essay is based on a pilot study that examined the effects of managed care on the treatment of children and families, with special attention to community mental health. We embarked on the pilot study to test the accuracy and generalizability of our impression that family therapy and other systemic practices have been marginalized in ordinary clinics and agencies, and to understand the reasons why. We interviewed managed care providers, researchers, family therapy trainers, and clinicians in the Northeast. Our findings led to seven themes that support our impression that, even though there is a consensus about the need for coordinated family-based services, there is a disconnection between state policies, contractual requirements and what is actually occurring at the implementation level. This study suggests that our knowledge of human systems may be in danger of being disqualified and lost, with damaging consequences for the care of children. Yet, as systemic thinkers and practitioners, it is our belief that ethical and effective treatment need not be at odds with care that is cost-efficient. The direction of our future research will be to study whether the involvement of all stakeholders at all levels of planning and training leads to systemic family-based practices that consistently save costs and provide high-quality care. 相似文献
248.
Mary Beth Rosson 《Memory & cognition》1985,13(1):90-99
Two experiments examined the role of pronunciation rules and of lexical information in pronouncing letter strings. In Experiment 1, subjects pronounced pseudowords varying in the strength of the rules needed to pronounce them, as well as in the availability of a lexical model. In Experiment 2, the stimuli were words varying in rule strength and in usage frequency. The pronunciation times from both experiments displayed an interaction between rules and lexical information: When the rules necessary were strong, the relative availability of lexical information was less important than when the rules were weak. The results were discussed with respect to both traditional dual-process models of pronunciation and models proposing the use of lexical analogies. 相似文献
249.
McDonald R Dodson MC Rosenfield D Jouriles EN 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(7):1013-1023
This study examined whether Project Support, a parenting intervention shown to reduce child conduct problems, also exerts
positive effects on features of psychopathy in children. Participants were 66 families (mothers and children) recruited from
domestic violence shelters who participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluating Project Support. Each family included
at least one child between the ages of 4 and 9 who was exhibiting clinical levels of conduct problems. Families were randomly
assigned to the Project Support intervention condition or to an existing services comparison condition, and they were assessed
on 6 occasions over 20 months, following their departure from the shelter. Children in families in the Project Support condition,
compared with those in the comparison condition, exhibited greater reductions in features of psychopathy. Moreover, the changes
in features of psychopathy remained after accounting for changes in conduct problems. Project Support’s effects on features
of psychopathy were mediated by improvements in mothers’ harsh and inconsistent parenting. These findings on the effects of
an intervention on features of psychopathy are the first from a randomized controlled trial. They inform the debate about
whether features of psychopathy in children are responsive to intervention, and hold important implications for clinical practice. 相似文献
250.
Mary M. Smyth Norma A. Pearson Lindsay R. Pendleton 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1988,40(3):497-514
Five experiments are reported in which subjects were asked to remember short, visually presented sequences of whole body movement patterns, words, and spatial positions. The items were recalled in order in a memory span paradigm. During presentation of the items to be remembered subjects simply watched, or they carried out a concurrent activity involving articulatory suppression, movement to external spatial targets, or body-related movement. When the movement patterns to be remembered were familiar to subjects, movement span was not disrupted by articulatory suppression or movement to spatial targets but was disrupted by body-related movement. This movement suppression task, however, did not interfere with performance on a spatial span task or on verbal span. It is concluded that the memory for patterns of limb movement differs from memory for movement to spatial targets and that accounts of visuo-spatial processes in working memory involve the latter type of movement. 相似文献