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Fathering activities of 16 fathers of firstborns were surveyed via questionnaire to assess their involvement in physical caretaking, affective interaction and support of mother through participation in household tasks. Results indicated that student fathers who had previous infant care experience, whose infants were unplanned and whose wives were either employed or attending school spent the most time interacting with their infants. Other variables explored which had little effect on father's interaction time included: formal education, attendance at prenatal clases, infant's sex and method of feeding, family isolation. Fathers spent more time in affective interaction than in physical caretaking. Time spent by fathers in affective interaction was nearly equal to that of mothers, while time spent in physical caretaking was much greater for mothers. 相似文献
914.
In experiment 1, individually housed rats subjected to short-term food restriction displayed more territorial aggression toward conspecific intruders than controls maintained on a free-feeding diet. In experiment 2, small groups of three adult male rats had access to either a standard laboratory diet or the standard diet plus sucrose. Groups with the sucrose supplement were significantly less aggressive toward intruders than controls. Sucrose availability did not produce appreciable gains in body weight but it did reliably decrease within-colony weight variation. The results suggest the existence of an effective dietary mechanism that enables a social species such as Rattus norvegicus to tolerate each other in dense feeding aggregations when food is abundant. Conversely, when food is limited, social intolerance increases and serves to limit the development of large feeding groups. 相似文献
915.
Nanda N. J. Rommelse Marieke E. Altink Ellen A. Fliers Neilson C. Martin Cathelijne J. M. Buschgens Catharina A. Hartman Jan K. Buitelaar Stephen V. Faraone Joseph A. Sergeant Jaap Oosterlaan 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):793-804
We aimed to assess which comorbid problems (oppositional defiant behaviors, anxiety, autistic traits, motor coordination problems,
and reading problems) were most associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); to determine whether these
comorbid problems shared executive and motor problems on an endophenotype level with ADHD; and to determine whether executive
functioning (EF)—and motor-endophenotypes supported the hypothesis that ADHD with comorbid problems is a qualitatively different
phenotype than ADHD without comorbid problems. An EF—and a motor-endophenotype were formed based on nine neuropsychological
tasks administered to 816 children from ADHD—and control-families. Additional data on comorbid problems were gathered using
questionnaires. Results indicated that oppositional defiant behaviors appeared the most important comorbid problems of ADHD,
followed by autistic traits, and than followed by motor coordination problems, anxiety, and reading problems. Both the EF—and
motor-endophenotype were correlated and cross-correlated in siblings to autistic traits, motor coordination problems and reading
problems, suggesting ADHD and these comorbid problems may possibly share familial/genetic EF and motor deficits. No such results
were found for oppositional defiant behaviors and anxiety. ADHD in co-occurrence with comorbid problems may not be best seen
as a distinct subtype of ADHD, but further research is warranted.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Media psychologists have long puzzled over how individuals can experience enjoyment from entertainment such as tragedies that often elicit profound feelings of sadness. The present research examines the idea that a focus on “meaningful” entertainment and affective responses identified as “elevation” may provide a framework for understanding many examples of sad or dramatic entertainment. The results of this study suggest that many types of meaningful cinematic entertainment feature portrayals of moral virtues (e.g., altruism). These portrayals, in turn, elicit feelings of elevation (e.g., inspiration) that are signified in terms of mixed affect and unique physical responses (e.g., lump in throat). Ultimately, elevation also gives rise to motivations to embody moral virtues, such as being a better person or helping others. 相似文献
919.
This study examines data from questionnaires to establish the prevalence and correlates of women's binge drinking, defined as four or more drinks per episode, at women's colleges ( n = 508) and at coeducational colleges ( n = 9,624). Results showed that women at women's colleges binged less frequently, had fewer alcohol-related problems, experienced fewer negative effects of others' drinking, and were less likely to drink and drive. The correlates of binge drinking were similar for the two groups of women. The differences appear to be related not to the quantity or amount of socializing but to its quality. The absence of fraternities and coeducational dormitories, the reduced likelihood of a party-centered lifestyle, and self-selection factors at women's colleges all may contribute to a healthier environment for women. Interventions designed to lower the risk of college binge drinking should further explore the peer-group contexts in which problem drinking is reduced. 相似文献
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