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951.
This study examined demographic and anthropometric variables as predictors of ideal body mass index (BMI) from cross-sectional, archival, self-reported data from the Psychology of Size Survey of 4014 U.S. residents collected in 2007. As hypothesized, ideal BMI can be predicted by a within gender hierarchical multiple regression analysis with the predictor variables of age, number of clothing sizes from ideal size, and current BMI; these variables account for 54.1% of variance in women's ideal BMI and 65.5% of variance in men's ideal BMI. Findings also demonstrated a logarithmic relationship between current BMI and ideal BMI, with increasing variance in ideal BMI for individuals with high current BMIs. These findings evidence the strong role of current body characteristics in the formation of ideals. Understanding how individuals conceptualize body ideals can inform researchers and practitioners alike, as this evidence has important implications related to both medical and psychological health. 相似文献
952.
Parkinson J Springer A Prinz W 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2011,64(8):1463-1472
Using a novel paradigm, we demonstrate that action simulation can directly facilitate ongoing perception of people's movements. Point-light actors (PLAs) representing common human motions were shown embedded in a visual noise reminiscent of "TV snow". At first, the PLAs were perceived clearly, then occluded from view for a short duration, during which it was hypothesized that a real-time action simulation was generated tracking the motion's course. The PLA then reappeared in motion at variable visibility against the noise, whilst detection thresholds for the reappearance were measured. In the crucial manipulation, the test motion was either temporally congruent with the motion as it would have continued during occlusion, and thus temporally matching the simulation, or temporally incongruent. Detection thresholds were lower for congruent than for incongruent reappearing motions, suggesting that reappearing motion that temporally matched the internal action simulation was more likely to be detected. 相似文献
953.
Routine assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can be time consuming and burdensome for a person with stroke.
Therefore the aim of this study was to develop and test a brief instrument for assessing HRQoL among people with stroke. The
Quality of Life after Stroke Scale (QLASS) was constructed from items within the Quality of Life Index-Stroke Version and
the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire. It was administered to 92 people with stroke at three points in time: immediately
after discharge from hospital, 6 months and 12 months later. Results suggest that the QLASS has 19 items which represent three
factors: emotional functioning, mastery and fatigue which correlate with valid measures of health status and activities of
daily living. The QLASS is proposed as a brief, valid HRQoL tool for use among people with stroke. 相似文献
954.
Metaphors for retirement: Unshackled from schedules 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leisa D. Sargent Christine D. Bataille Heather C. Vough Mary Dean Lee 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2011,79(2):315-324
This study uses metaphor analysis to examine the meanings of retirement for a group of 35 retired Canadian executives and managers. Our analysis identified eight metaphors relating to the meanings of retirement. The findings provide us with a range of insights into the experience of retirement, from loss of purpose and identity to liberation from the constraints of work to retirement being constructed as a new beginning or renaissance. Based on the accounts given by each manager, metaphors were collated and compared across retirees to reveal four distinct configurations that conceptualize retirement as exploring new horizons, searching for meaning, contributing on your own terms and putting your feet up. We discuss the implications of these metaphor configurations for understanding the consumer and producer-oriented meanings of retirement and challenge dominant career constructions of retirement as disengagement and decline. Our findings reveal that retirement appears to be better understood by incorporating future-focused and agentic forms that contribute to different types of identity work in retirement. 相似文献
955.
There is a pressing need to address prejudice, racism, and discrimination against marginalised groups in Australia. This involves change from the structural to the individual level. In this article, we discuss the merits of individual anti‐prejudice mechanisms within the Australian context. First, we expand on nine mechanisms described in a previous paper and then review five new mechanisms. We conclude that while some mechanisms are likely to be useful regardless of location, others need to be tailored to the local context. We also conclude that effective interventions need to utilise multiple mechanisms. It is hoped that the synthesis of the different mechanisms provided here will assist anti‐prejudice researchers, practitioners, and policymakers striving to improve relations among different groups in our society. 相似文献
956.
Emotional eating has been identified as a factor that promotes the development and maintenance of obesity and hinders its treatment. This study investigated the relationship between unsatisfied basic needs and emotional eating, including the mediating factors of self‐esteem and coping strategies. The results from a survey of 136 obese individuals indicated support for a significant relationship between basic need satisfaction and emotional eating, with a mediating effect of negative coping strategies. These findings extend previous research and provide guidance on how to help individuals who engage in emotional eating by focusing on developing more adaptive coping strategies. 相似文献
957.
This study compared the effects of a computer-based stimulus equivalence protocol to a traditional lecture format in teaching single-subject experimental design concepts to undergraduate students. Participants were assigned to either an equivalence or a lecture group, and performance on a paper-and-pencil test that targeted relations among the names of experimental designs, design definitions, design graphs, and clinical vignettes was compared. Generalization of responding to novel graphs and novel clinical vignettes, as well as the emergence of a topography-based tact response after selection-based training, were evaluated for the equivalence group. Performance on the paper-and-pencil test following teaching was comparable for participants in the equivalence and lecture groups. All participants in the equivalence group showed generalization to novel graphs, and 6 participants showed generalization to novel clinical vignettes. Three of the 4 participants demonstrated the emergence of a topography-based tact response following training on the stimulus equivalence protocol. 相似文献
958.
Anne S. Headley 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2011,48(1):42-42
Karol Taylor and Janet M. Ruck. (2009). Guide to America's Federal Jobs: A Complete Directory of U.S. Government Career Opportunities. Indianapolis, IN: JIST Publishing. 404 pages, $19.95 List, ISBN 978–1593576547. 相似文献
959.
Thomas Goetz Anne C. Frenzel Heidrun Stoeger Nathan C. Hall 《Motivation and emotion》2010,34(1):49-62
The focus of this study is on everyday positive emotions and their relations to critical appraisal antecedents. Following
from classical appraisal theory and Pekrun’s (2006) control-value theory of achievement emotions, two research questions were addressed, namely whether cognitive appraisals
of control and value were related to discrete positive emotions in everyday situations and whether control and value antecedents
interact in predicting these emotions. We further investigated whether control/value and positive emotion relations changed
as a function of situational factors (achievement vs. non-achievement settings). 50 university freshmen (78% female) were
assessed by use of the experience sampling method for a period of 1 week, with intraindividual analyses conducted using a
multilevel, idiographic approach. Consistent with our hypotheses, the emotions of enjoyment, pride, and contentment were positively
related to control and value appraisals. Further, control and value interacted to predict these positive emotions. The strength
of appraisal/positive emotion relations was equivalent across achievement vs. non-achievement settings. Implications for future
research are discussed. 相似文献
960.