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81.
Preston A. Britner Maria C. Morog Robert C. Pianta Robert S. Marvin 《Journal of child and family studies》2003,12(3):335-348
We analyzed data from 87 mothers of children ages 15 to 44 months with cerebral palsy (CP) or no diagnosis, who completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Parenting Stress Index, Support Functions Scale, and Inventory of Social Support. Principal components analysis of the 15 subscales from the 5 measures revealed few cross-measure loadings. Mothers of children with CP (severe or mild) reported higher levels of parenting stress than did mothers of controls. However, cluster analysis of self-report measures yielded a 5-cluster solution, with no diagnostic group differences across clusters. That is, there were no overall differences in self-reported family functioning according to presence or severity of the child's disability. The results are discussed in terms of the organization of family systems and their relationship to child diagnosis. Clinical implications for assessing and working with families are noted. 相似文献
82.
Based on a model on spumed helpers’ reactions, a spurning scale for nurses was constructed with items to assess the extent
to which practicing nurses experience recurrent rejection of their help by patients and colleagues. Three approaches were
employed to examine the validity of the scale: the relationship of the spurning scores with job satisfaction and turnover
scores; the relationships of the spurning scores with burnout scores; and the relationships of the spurning scores with scores
indicative of stress arising from interactions with one's patients, colleagues, and supervisor. Practicing nurses in Hong
Kong (N = 212) who were enrolled in a refresher program of studies responded to a questionnaire containing the variables of
interest. The results offered promising evidence for the validity of the scale. 相似文献
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Performance on tasks sensitive to right hemisphere dysfunction (facial discrimination and perceptual closure) are reported in eight patients with right hemisphere lesions. Patients demonstrated an apparent double dissociation of performance on the two measures. Site-by-task specificity for the closure task was strongly suggested. Implications for right hemisphere organization and underlying psychological processes are considered. 相似文献
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After generating an idea we believe is original, we want it to be credited as original and receive recognition for it. So, we would be upset if its originality were questioned, or if our link to that intellectual self-extension were threatened, and we would cope with self-protective strategies. This rationale prompted an experiment with seventy-five female undergraduates. They (P) were to imagine drafting a paper for submission to a national creativity fair proposing a novel method for determining the structure of things, but then decided against submitting it. Fellow-participant, O, learning of P's decision to withdraw, borrows P’s draft. Later, P submits a revised, retitled draft that, unfortunately, goes astray. Still later P discovers that O, without P's knowledge and consent, submitted a copy of P’s original draft to the fair, listing O’s name, both names, or P’s name as author(s), and that the idea was or was not judged as original. Origination and recognition credit allocation had predicted effects on P’s emotional reaction, evaluation of the judges’competence, and of O’s trustworthiness. Unexpect-edly low self-evaluated creativity and sociability, and low desire for future collabora-tion, were obtained when recognition went to P and O jointly. We discuss the applica-bility of belief agreement-attraction and cognitive balance models, of imitation as flattery, of self-esteem as a moderator, and whether our results are culture-bound. Finally, we note how the reactions hint at conflict between inclinations toward altru-ism versus narcissistic self-interest when it comes to sharing one’s self-generated intellectual products with others. 相似文献
88.
One objective of the present study was to further establish the external validity for a model on spurned helpers' reactions
through examining the spurning-burnout linkage in practicing nurses. A second objective was to explore whether or not social
support from one's supervisor and one's colleague could reduce the negative impact of spurn-ing on burnout. The last objective
was to assess if workload would add to the effects of spurning on burnout. One-hundred seventy-two practicing nurses in Hong
Kong responded to a questionnaire measuring the variables of interest. The results revealed once again the adverse effects
of spurning on burnout, and that peer support and workload served as important moderators. 相似文献
89.
Marvin R. Lamb Betsy London Heather M. Pond & Kathryn A. Whitt 《Psychological science》1998,9(1):14-19
Targets are identified faster if they appear at the same level (global vs. local) as the target on the previous trial. This effect has been attributed to a controlled attentional process wherein participants attend to the level containing the target on trial n − 1, thus facilitating performance if target level repeats on trial n. An alternative explanation (Lamb & Yund, 1966) is that automatic activation of level-specific neural mechanisms is responsible. The controlled-process hypothesis predicts better performance whenever target level is predictable, because participants can anticipate, and thus attend to, the appropriate level. The automatic-process hypothesis predicts better performance when target level repeats, regardless of target-level predictability. In the present studies, level repetitions facilitated performance regardless of target-level predictability. The data support the automatic-process explanation of level repetition and other attentional effects. The data illustrate how an automatic process can give rise to performance that seems to reflect more cognitive or strategic mechanisms. 相似文献
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