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121.
Michael J. Roszkowski Glenn E. Snelbecker Robert S. Rosen 《Personality and individual differences》1986,7(6)
In The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, Jaynes (1976) presented a technique—involving the selection of the happier of two line-drawing chimeric faces—that is theorized to measure hemispheric laterality. Certain imperfections in the published stimuli have led some critics to question the task's validity, while others maintain that even the flawed stimuli are measuring some aspect of laterality. In this study, further data are presented to show that this task, despite its inherent biases, is still sensitive to differences in perception between left-handers and right-handers. The implications of this sensitivity are discussed. 相似文献
122.
A list priming paradigm (LPP) was used to examine the hypothesis that nonfluent aphasics are literally slowed down in automatic access to lexical information. In this paradigm, words are presented visually, and the subject's task is to make a lexical decision on each word as quickly as possible after its presentation. As soon as a lexical decision is made on one word, that word is removed and, after a predetermined interword interval, the next word is presented. In this way, a continuous "list" effect is obtained. Prior studies with both college-age and elderly subjects using the LPP have shown that, independently of age, on the LPP, priming obtains at interword delays of 500 to 800 msec, but not at either shorter or longer interword delays. In the study reported here, the LPP was used to examine delays at which priming obtained for LD, a nonfluent aphasic with a lesion primarily in the left frontal region. Examining interword delays ranging from 500 to 1800 msec, the subject showed priming only at a delay of 1500 msec, a considerably longer delay than that at which neurologically intact subjects have shown priming. Based on these results, it is argued that while automatic access is retained, that access is much slower in a nonfluent aphasic than in neurologically intact elderly subjects. These results are discussed in terms of how slowed lexical access might impact on discourse comprehension. 相似文献
123.
124.
Completion responses were collected from younger and older adults for 198 highly constrained sentence contexts that were designed to elicit the same response (i.e., the best completion) in the vast majority of subjects. For each context, completions and their respective frequency of occurrence are provided. Overall, individuals of all ages produced highly similar terminal words. Results of formal analyses indicated that greater socioeconomic status and higher levels of education were mildly associated with a greater probability of producing a best completion response. Although increasing age also correlated with greater probability of producing a best completion, this very weak association would not preclude use of these stimuli with a wide age range. 相似文献
125.
Is attentional selection between local and global forms based on spatial frequency? This question was examined by having subjects identify local or global forms of stimuli that had been “contrast balanced,” a technique that eliminates low spatial frequencies. Response times (RTs) to global (but not local) forms were slowed for contrast-balanced stimuli, suggesting that low spatial frequencies mediate the global RT advantage typically reported. In contrast, the beneficial effect of having targets appear at the same, as opposed to a different, level as that on the immediately preceding trial was unaffected by contrast balancing. This suggests that attentional selection between different levels of structure is not based on spatial frequency. The data favor an explanation in terms of “priming,” rather than in terms of adjustments in the diameter of an attentional “spotlight.” 相似文献
126.
Sidney Rosen Susan E. Mickler Wai Hing Cheuk William D. McIntosh Thomas F. Harlow Patrick Rawa Winona Cochran 《Current Psychology》1996,15(2):99-112
Two experiments support and extend the thesis that rejection of their help is stressful for would-be helpers, and that it
leads to “damage controlling” reactions whose eventual goal is to restore their self-image of being efficacious at helping
and caring. American college students were invited to offer help, if they wished, to a poorly performing (confederate) recipient
who then either rejected or accepted it. Rejected helpers expressed relatively negative affect, biased postdictions of low
acceptance, claims of low decision control, recipient- and self-devaluation, and less desire for further association. Individual
differences in self-perceived “efficacious caring” and manipulated level of recipient need were shown to moderate some of
these outcome reactions. Violated expectancy of acceptance was shown to mediate some of these reactions. Studies were cited
showing the generalizability of these findings and theoretical framework to applied contexts and across cultural settings. 相似文献
127.
The authors discuss the social problem of dating violence and present a didactic support group model designed to empower young women to see themselves as “choice makers” with the ability to make informed decisions in their own best interest. They also present research findings that support the content of the group model and articulate some of their experiences in conducting this group in both high school and college settings. Finally, they discuss the potential impact of the group according to feedback from participants. 相似文献
128.
Robert C. Lane Ph.D. Marvin Daniels Ph.D. Stephen Barber Psy.D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1995,25(4):331-365
This paper presents an approach to dream analysis utilizing the manifest content of a number of consecutive dreams from the
same patient. Following a review of the literature, it is noted that in once-a-week psychotherapy there is often very little
time for exhaustive dream analysis to unravel the buried meanings within the latent dream content. Twenty categories have
been established for the configurational analysis, which is applied to the analysis of the first eleven dreams of a patient
in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The authors independently analyzed the patient's dreams using each of the 20 categories with
high reliability, then combined their contributions. This data was then compared with the treating analyst's independent clinical
observations about the twenty categories. 相似文献
129.
Alan J. Dubinsky Francis J. Yammarino Marvin A. Jolson 《Journal of business and psychology》1995,9(3):315-335
Recent research in organizational behavior has found that transformational leadership can engender improved employee work outcomes in many types of organizations. Personal characteristics of transformational leaders, however, have not been thoroughly investigated. This paper reports the findings of a study that explored relationships between personal characteristics and dimensions of transformational leadership using sales managers as the population of interest. Findings suggest that a reconceptualization of the proposed linkages may be necessary. Potential explanations for the results obtained are presented along with managerial and research implications.The authors gratefully acknowledge the host company for its participation in the study. 相似文献
130.
GOOD AND BAD HUMORS: 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Marvin Zuckerman 《Psychological science》1995,6(6):325-332
Personality and its disorders may he studied at many levels, from the broad trait to the basic genetic level This article ad- dresses primarily two of these levels, the trait and the biochemical, and the relations between them, with some treatment of the genetic and neuropsychological levels Five current trait models are described Neurotransmitter systems in the brain and hormones have been shown to be important sources of other species, but simple one-to-one relationships between traits and biochemical are rare, and integrations are likely at all levels 相似文献